Geography and Development

Geography Basics

• There are 7 continents and 5 oceans.
• Countries can be classified into two main categories: Low-Income Countries (LICs) and High-Income Countries (HICs).

Global Fashion Industry

• The global fashion industry is a significant sector that operates globally.
• Nike is a prominent example of a global fashion brand, with a case study that highlights its operations and impact.

Economic Concepts

• The multiplier effect is a concept that explains how an initial investment can lead to a multiplied increase in economic activity.
• Trade deals between LICs and HICs can be characterized as mutual exploitation, where both parties benefit but often in an unequal manner.

Development

• Development refers to the process of improving the economic, social, and political well-being of a country or region.
• Causes of uneven development include factors such as colonialism, globalisation, and corruption.
• The impacts of development in LICs can be both positive and negative, leading to changes in the environment, economy, and society.

Demography

• The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is a concept that explains the changes in population growth rates and structure over time.
• Population pyramids are graphical representations of population structures, showing the distribution of population by age and sex.

Aid and Resources

• Different types of aid include bilateral aid, multilateral aid, and humanitarian aid.
• Resources can be classified into two main categories: renewable and non-renewable resources.
• Distribution of resources refers to the unequal distribution of resources across different regions and countries.

Energy and Food

• Reading graphs and explaining trends is an essential skill in understanding energy consumption and production patterns.
• Renewable energy sources include solar, wind, and hydro energy, while non-renewable energy sources include fossil fuels.
• Factors affecting food supply include climate change, population growth, and agricultural practices.
• Water scarcity is a significant issue in many regions, and mapping water scarcity helps to identify areas of high risk.

Exam Preparation

• Students should bring a calculator, a pencil, and a ruler to the exam.