Geographic Projections and Tables
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Questions and Answers

What type of projection is described as placing a cylindrical surface tangent to the Earth at the equator?

  • Transverse cylindrical projection
  • Secant cylindrical projection
  • Normal cylindrical projection (correct)
  • Oblique cylindrical projection

    • Which projection type features a cone that aligns with one of the poles?

  • Azimuthal projection
  • Conic projection (correct)
  • Cylindrical projection
  • Equatorial projection

    • In which type of cylindrical projection are there two standard parallels due to the cylinder passing through the globe?

  • Normal cylindrical projection
  • Secant cylindrical projection (correct)
  • Tangent cylindrical projection
  • Transverse cylindrical projection

    • What is a defining characteristic of conformal projections?

    <p>They maintain local shapes of features across the map.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of azimuthal projection is centered at one of the poles?

    <p>Polar azimuthal projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter of a projection represents the meridian that is close to the center of the map?

    <p>Central meridian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of false easting in a map projection?

    <p>To ensure all x coordinates are positive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of projection is best known for preserving the area of features across a map?

    <p>Equal area projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an attribute table?

    <p>To store data associated with a spatial feature class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following file formats is NOT required to compose a shapefile?

    <p>.idx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required when editing vector data to maintain data integrity?

    <p>Updating existing feature classes or creating new ones while maintaining topological integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which description best fits the concept of class overlay?

    <p>Combining spatial and attribute data from multiple data layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the intersection operation differ from the union operation in GIS?

    <p>The intersection includes only overlapping data while the union includes all data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of the Mercator projection affects its accuracy near the poles?

    <p>Preserves shapes but distorts areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a variable distance buffer do in GIS?

    <p>Applies different buffer distances to different features based on a field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary application of the Web Mercator projection?

    <p>Online mapping applications like Google Maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of buffer is described as having overlap identified?

    <p>Compound buffer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus when performing the clip operation in GIS?

    <p>Removing excessive data while retaining specific portions of features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What difference sets Lambert Conformal Conic projection apart from Albers projection?

    <p>Best suited for mapping land masses from east to west</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Universal Transverse Mercator handle distortion?

    <p>No distortion along the central meridian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the State Plane Coordinate System, which projection is used for east to west zones?

    <p>Lambert Conformal Conic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a projection file in geographic information systems?

    <p>To transform geographic coordinates to Cartesian coordinates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of using a spherical model in Web Mercator projection?

    <p>Creates more significant area and distance distortions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the latitude limits for the Universal Transverse Mercator projection?

    <p>84° N to 80° S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of census tracts?

    <p>They are consistent statistical divisions of a county.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a method for classifying data into quantiles?

    <p>Groups data into classes with an equal number of features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about block groups is correct?

    <p>Block groups are the smallest units for tabulation of sample data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of decennial census data?

    <p>It includes data about the housing status of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should operators be treated in a field calculator expression?

    <p>Operators should be placed without any special formatting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest geography for ACS 5-year data?

    <p>Block group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the dissolve operation accomplish in spatial data analysis?

    <p>Removes boundaries of features with the same value in a specified attribute field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding TIGER data?

    <p>It uses levels of nested geography for organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which outcome is generated from spatial data analysis?

    <p>New spatial layers or scalar values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of value should be entered in the field calculator without any surrounding characters?

    <p>Whole numbers and decimal numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of query restricts the selection of records by decreasing the number of instances returned?

    <p>AND query</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In spatial selection, which of the following describes the 'Contains' relationship?

    <p>Fully within another feature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a merge operation differ from a dissolve operation in spatial data analysis?

    <p>Merge combines features from 2 or more datasets; dissolve removes internal boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Boolean operator would you use to filter records that do not match a given criterion?

    <p>NOT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spatial relation means that two features do not overlap or touch each other?

    <p>Disjoint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a compound query compared to a simple query in spatial data analysis?

    <p>Uses multiple variables or conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lecture 7

    • Major projection types based on surface: cylindrical, conic, azimuthal
    • Equatorial/normal cylindrical projection: tangent to Earth at the equator
    • Transverse cylindrical projection: rotates the cylinder sideways to be tangent along a line of longitude
    • Oblique cylindrical projection: tangent at an angle (skew axis)
    • Tangent cylindrical projection: cylinder is tangent to the globe along a parallel
    • Secant cylindrical projection: cylinder passes through the globe touching it at two points; has two parallels

    Lecture 8

    • Table definition: a data structure for storing attributes
    • Standalone tables: store attributes independent of geographic datasets
    • Attribute tables: store data describing a spatial feature class
    • Record, Field, and Attribute: record = row, field = column, attribute = nonspatial characteristic
    • Shapefile definition: collection of geographic features with the same geometry type
    • Shapefile file formats: .shp (main), .shx (index), .dbf (dBASE table)

    Lecture 9

    • Buffer definition: area within a specified distance of one or more features
    • Point layer: single feature
    • Simple Buffer: dissolved, no intersection
    • Compound Buffer: multiple overlaps, identified
    • Nested Buffer: features include each other's features
    • Variable Distance Buffer: each feature has a different distance
    • Buffer applications: agriculture, farming based on distance needs

    Lecture 10

    • Spatial Data analysis outputs: spatial and attribute data output, can be a new layer or scalar value
    • Query and Simple/Compound Queries: Selection based on attributes (variables)
    • Basic Boolean operators: AND (restrictive), OR (inclusive), NOT (negative space)
    • Spatial relations: based on geographic relationships
    • Common classification methods: binary, equal-interval, natural breaks, quantile, equal area, standard deviation
    • Principles of field calculator expressions: surround text by single or double quotations, use any desired formatting for numerical data
    • US Census data: source, geographies, TIGER system (Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing), levels of nested geography (country, region, division, state, county, census tract, block group, census block), lowest level data
    • Smallest geography in ACS 5-year data: block group
    • Decennial Census data characteristics: population by sex, race, age, and Hispanic origin, housing data
    • Characteristics of census tracts, block groups, and blocks: divisions in a county.
    • Density maps: visual display of distribution and intensity of a variable
    • Search parameters: radius, cell size, and trade-offs for detail/coarseness of results

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    Study Guide for Quiz 2 (Lectures 7-10) PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts from Lecture 7 and Lecture 8 on geographic projections and attribute tables. You'll explore different projection types such as cylindrical and how tables are used in storing geographic data. Test your knowledge on understanding shapefiles and their attributes.

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