A5D

Catalunya is divided into provinces (Barcelona, Tarragona, Lleida, Girona), comarques (regions), municipalities, and vegueries (administrative units between comarques and autonomous regions).

Catalunya is located in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, the Pyrenees Mountains, and the Ebro River plain. It's characterized by diverse landscapes including plains and mountains.

Vegueries are new administrative units in Catalunya, intended to be in between the scale of comarques and the autonomous region.

Comarques are a type of regional division in Catalonia.

A municipality is the smallest administrative unit in Catalunya, where local government authority is located.

The Pre-Pyrenees region of Catalonia has a lower elevation than the central Pyrenees, varying between 1,000-3,000 meters, with some summits exceeding 3000m, such as the Pica d'Estats.

A large central area of Catalonia, situated between the Pyrenees and the Mediterranean System, sloping gently west towards the Ebro plain.

Inner mountain ranges within the Pre-Pyrenees of Catalonia, exhibiting higher elevations compared to the external ranges.

High, flat areas within the Depressió Central, such as Lluçanès, Moianès, and Segarra.

Erosion-created depressions within the Depressió Central, such as the plains of Vic, Bages and Barberà, sculpted by rivers.

Catalonia has diverse climates: Mediterranean, coastal Mediterranean, continental Mediterranean, mountain Mediterranean (low and mid-elevation), mountain Mediterranean (high-elevation), Atlantic (Vall d'Aran), Alpine, and sub-Alpine (above 1,500m in the Pyrenees).

Coastal areas in Catalonia include formations like the Empordà plain (low, sandy coast with wetlands), and the Ebro Delta (320 sq km).

Catalonia's climate has a warm, stable summer and a cool, stable winter, with transitional seasons of spring and autumn, which are generally more variable and rainy.

Annual average temperatures in Catalonia range significantly, from 17.1°C in Tortosa (low elevation) to 3°C in Estany Gento (high elevation).

Catalonia's climate is influenced by proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, elevation, and distance from the sea.

Catalonia's population structure has shifted over the past 30 years, with a decrease in the under-15 age group and an increase in the over-65 age group.

In 2016, Catalonia's natural population growth rate was 0.2%, signifying a stagnation similar to the 1990s.

The fertility rate in Catalonia is consistently below replacement level, falling short of the 1.00 rate needed to keep the population constant. This is currently at 1.23.

Catalonia's overall population density in 2021 was 241 inhabitants per square kilometer. However, density varies significantly among different areas within the region.

Catalonia had a population of 7,763,362 people in 2021. Metropolitan area accounts for the vast majority at 64%.