Geodetic Engineering: Introduction to Law

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Questions and Answers

What is defined as the law governing the consistency of actions and sequences observed in nature?

Physical law (correct)

State law

Civil law

Moral law

Which of the following laws is commonly referred to as positive law?

Ethical law

State law (correct)

Physical law

Netherlands law

What characteristic of law indicates that it imposes a duty to obey?

Innovative structure

Obligatory nature (correct)

Voluntary participation

Variable enforcement

Which element is NOT associated with state law?

Laws of physics Signup and view all the answers

In what sense are physical laws referred to as 'law'?

In analogy with societal rules Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of law is highlighted by its characteristic of imposing sanctions for non-compliance?

Obligatory nature Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be considered a subject of state law?

Marriage regulations Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of physical laws that differentiates them from laws created by the state?

They are not enforceable by any authority Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of substantive law?

Creating and regulating rights and duties Signup and view all the answers

Which type of law is described as governing the procedures for enforcing rights?

Adjective Law Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of public law?

Criminal Law Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct regarding adjective law?

It is typically governed by the Rules of Court and special laws. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of public law?

Exclusively governs private disputes Signup and view all the answers

Which area of law deals with the fundamental powers of the government?

Constitutional Law Signup and view all the answers

What does adjective law NOT typically include?

Definitions of criminal acts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between international law and public law?

International law governs relations among states, making it a public law. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a quasi-contract?

It is formed without the express consent of the parties. Signup and view all the answers

In the example provided, what is Victor's obligation upon returning from abroad?

To reimburse Ramon for expenses incurred. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a quasi-delict?

Damage caused by negligence without a contractual relation. Signup and view all the answers

What legal consequence is associated with crimes or acts punished by law?

They may lead to civil liability as a consequence of a criminal offense. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of negligence in a quasi-delict situation?

Negligence establishes grounds for liability for damages. Signup and view all the answers

How does a quasi-contract differ from a traditional contract?

A quasi-contract is formed without formal consent. Signup and view all the answers

In the context provided, which of the following would NOT constitute a quasi-contract?

A friend borrowing money and agreeing to repay later. Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential component in establishing liability in a quasi-delict?

Demonstration of fault or negligence. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of administrative orders, regulations, and rulings?

They clarify or explain the law. Signup and view all the answers

What principle allows decisions of superior courts to bind subordinate courts?

Stare Decisis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a source of law?

Public opinion Signup and view all the answers

What must customs prove to be recognized as binding rules of conduct?

Long and uninterrupted usage Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of 'other sources' of law mentioned?

Opinions of text writers Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes judicial decisions as a source of law?

They are binding on subordinate courts. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the nature of administrative regulations?

They require legislative authority to be valid. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of law, what is NOT a characteristic of customs?

They are automatically recognized by courts. Signup and view all the answers

What is an obligation as defined in the Civil Code of the Philippines?

A juridical necessity to give, to do, or not to do. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'obligatio', from which the word obligations is derived, mean?

To tie or bind. Signup and view all the answers

Who is referred to as the passive subject in an obligation?

The debtor or obligor who is bound to fulfill it. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the nature of obligations?

They involve a legal bond recognized by law. Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT an example of an obligation?

To perform community service voluntarily. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of obligations, what does 'prestations' refer to?

The tasks or duties involved in the obligations. Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept 'ignorance of law excuses no one from compliance' relate to obligations?

Lack of knowledge about the law does not relieve one from fulfilling obligations. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the nature of obligations?

Obligations can arise from lawful agreements or actions recognized by law. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Subjects of Law

Physical Law: Refers to natural uniformities and sequences, exemplified by laws like gravitation and chemical combinations.
State Law: Created and enforced by the state; known as positive, municipal, civil, or imperative law. Governs obligations, contracts, marriage, and the administration of justice.

Characteristics of Law

Rule of Conduct: Establishes directives on permissible actions and prohibitions.
Obligatory: Functions as a binding mandate, accompanied by consequences for non-compliance.

Sources of Law

Administrative or Executive Orders: Issued by administrative officials, clarifying laws and ensuring their application within constitutional limits.
Judicial Decisions or Jurisprudence: Interpretations of law by courts, especially the Supreme Court. Binding decisions create the doctrine of precedent (stare decisis).
Customs: Established societal habits considered binding rules that must be supported by evidence.
Other Sources: Includes principles of justice, decisions from foreign tribunals, scholarly opinions, and religious influences.

Classification of Law

Substantive Law: Defines and regulates rights and duties, encompassing public and private law, such as obligations and contracts.
Adjective Law: Outlines procedures for enforcing rights and addressing violations, also known as procedural or remedial law.

Public Law

Governs relationships between the state and individuals.
Examples include:
- Criminal Law: Defines crimes and penalties.
- International Law: Regulates interactions between states.
- Constitutional Law: Addresses state-citizen relationships and government powers.

Ignorance of the Law

"Ignorance of law excuses no one from compliance" - a principle underscored in Article 3 of the Civil Code.

Obligations

Defined by Article 1156 of the Civil Code as a binding necessity to give, act, or refrain from acting.
Derived from the Latin "obligatio," indicating a legal bond.

Elements of Obligations

Passive Subject: The debtor or obligor responsible for fulfilling the obligation, whether it involves giving, acting, or refraining from action.

Sources of Obligation

Quasi-Contracts: Arise from non-voluntary situations; for example, someone managing another's property incurs reimbursement obligations.
Crimes: Obligations can emerge from civil liabilities tied to criminal acts.
Quasi-Delicts: Result from negligent acts causing harm without existing contractual relations. Example: A driver causing injury through negligence may face liability.

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Description

This quiz covers the basic concepts of law as it relates to Geodetic Engineering. It dives into physical laws and their implications in natural phenomena. Perfect for students looking to understand the foundational legal principles relevant to their field.