GEO 286 Midterm Review on Reservoirs and Fluxes in Climate Systems
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Questions and Answers

Which atmospheric layer is closest to Earth and where most clouds form?

  • Mesosphere
  • Stratosphere
  • Thermosphere
  • Troposphere (correct)
  • What is the primary component of Earth's crust responsible for silicate weathering processes?

  • Carbonates
  • Quartz (correct)
  • Calcite
  • Feldspar
  • What is the primary mineral used by marine calcifiers to build carbonate shells, sequestering carbon?

  • Gypsum
  • Quartz
  • Calcite (correct)
  • Feldspar
  • What process in the biosphere uses CO2, H2O, and sunlight to create sugars and O2?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has contributed to the formation of the Arctic sea ice in the Northern Hemisphere?

    <p>Closing of the Panama isthmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which zone do phytoplankton photosynthesize due to sunlight reaching this area?

    <p>Epipelagic zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reason behind the mid-century ‘pause’ in global warming?

    <p>Aerosol pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which observation is true regarding the cryosphere?

    <p>Decrease in mass of Greenland ice sheet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does most of the observed sea level rise come from?

    <p>Thermal expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT consistent with CO2 levels over the past 800,000 years?

    <p>Increased atmospheric CO2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a paleoclimate proxy for determining past climate conditions up to around 2000 years ago?

    <p>Tree rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used as a proxy for determining paleoclimate changes associated with the Pleistocene era?

    <p>Ice cores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isotopic notation is used to quantify the fractionation of hydrogen isotopes?

    <p>𝛿D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of climates can heavier water evaporate easily?

    <p>Warmer climates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isotopic signature indicates more heavy water in the atmosphere relative to oceans?

    <p>High 𝛿D (Deuterium)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of low 𝛿13 𝐶 (Carbon) in indicating the source of an increase in atmospheric CO2?

    <p>It suggests contribution from organic matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did the 'Little Ice Age' occur, with regional cooling particularly pronounced in Europe and North America?

    <p>1400s-1800s</p> Signup and view all the answers

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