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Questions and Answers
Which atmospheric layer is closest to Earth and where most clouds form?
What is the primary component of Earth's crust responsible for silicate weathering processes?
What is the primary mineral used by marine calcifiers to build carbonate shells, sequestering carbon?
What process in the biosphere uses CO2, H2O, and sunlight to create sugars and O2?
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What has contributed to the formation of the Arctic sea ice in the Northern Hemisphere?
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In which zone do phytoplankton photosynthesize due to sunlight reaching this area?
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What was the reason behind the mid-century ‘pause’ in global warming?
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Which observation is true regarding the cryosphere?
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Where does most of the observed sea level rise come from?
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What is NOT consistent with CO2 levels over the past 800,000 years?
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Which is a paleoclimate proxy for determining past climate conditions up to around 2000 years ago?
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What is used as a proxy for determining paleoclimate changes associated with the Pleistocene era?
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Which isotopic notation is used to quantify the fractionation of hydrogen isotopes?
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In which type of climates can heavier water evaporate easily?
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Which isotopic signature indicates more heavy water in the atmosphere relative to oceans?
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What is the significance of low 𝛿13 𝐶 (Carbon) in indicating the source of an increase in atmospheric CO2?
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During which period did the 'Little Ice Age' occur, with regional cooling particularly pronounced in Europe and North America?
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