GEO 286 Midterm Review: Reservoirs and Fluxes in the Climate System
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Questions and Answers

What was the cause of the mid-century 'pause' in warming?

  • Ice melting in Antarctica
  • Thermal expansion of water
  • Aerosol pollution (correct)
  • Increase in atmospheric CO2 levels

Which observation does NOT contribute to sea level rise?

  • Decrease in mass of global reference glaciers
  • Increase in atmospheric CO2 (correct)
  • Decrease in mass of Greenland ice sheet
  • Decrease in Arctic sea ice

Where do the numbers 280 ppm and 420 ppm reference in the text?

  • Arctic sea ice decrease
  • Temperature observations
  • Atmospheric CO2 levels (correct)
  • Sea level rise measurements

What is the main contributor to observed sea level rise?

<p>Thermal expansion of water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proxy is used for determining paleoclimate up to around 800,000 years ago?

<p>Ice Cores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change is associated with Milankovitch cycles according to the text?

<p>Orbital changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process uses sugars and O2 to produce CO2, water, and energy?

<p>Photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cellular respiration, what is used to produce CO2, water, and energy?

<p>Sugars and O2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a byproduct of cellular respiration?

<p>Carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of photosynthesis in the biosphere?

<p>Generate sugars and oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process uses CO2 and water to create sugars and O2?

<p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of energy produced in cellular respiration?

<p>Sugar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that causes water to be slightly heavier if it contains 2H instead of 1H?

<p>Fractionation due to lighter isotopes being easier to evaporate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hydrogen isotopes, when is 𝛿D (𝛿 2 𝐻) in ice high?

<p>When temperature is high (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a low 𝛿13 𝐶 value imply in terms of carbon isotopes contribution?

<p>Contribution from organic matter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which period experienced a regional cooling known as the 'Little Ice Age'?

<p>Holocene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows us to quantify the fractionation of heavy water in the atmosphere relative to oceans?

<p>Presence of deuterium (2H) in water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is 𝛿18 𝑂 in ocean sediments/fossils low according to the text?

<p>When temperature is high (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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