GEO 286 Midterm Review: Reservoirs and Fluxes in the Climate System

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What was the cause of the mid-century 'pause' in warming?

Ice melting in Antarctica

Thermal expansion of water

Aerosol pollution (correct)

Increase in atmospheric CO2 levels

Which observation does NOT contribute to sea level rise?

Decrease in mass of global reference glaciers

Increase in atmospheric CO2 (correct)

Decrease in mass of Greenland ice sheet

Decrease in Arctic sea ice

Where do the numbers 280 ppm and 420 ppm reference in the text?

Arctic sea ice decrease

Temperature observations

Atmospheric CO2 levels (correct)

Sea level rise measurements

What is the main contributor to observed sea level rise?

Thermal expansion of water Signup and view all the answers

Which proxy is used for determining paleoclimate up to around 800,000 years ago?

Ice Cores Signup and view all the answers

What change is associated with Milankovitch cycles according to the text?

Orbital changes Signup and view all the answers

What process uses sugars and O2 to produce CO2, water, and energy?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

In cellular respiration, what is used to produce CO2, water, and energy?

Sugars and O2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a byproduct of cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of photosynthesis in the biosphere?

Generate sugars and oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which process uses CO2 and water to create sugars and O2?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of energy produced in cellular respiration?

Sugar Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that causes water to be slightly heavier if it contains 2H instead of 1H?

Fractionation due to lighter isotopes being easier to evaporate Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hydrogen isotopes, when is 𝛿D (𝛿 2 𝐻) in ice high?

When temperature is high Signup and view all the answers

What does a low 𝛿13 𝐶 value imply in terms of carbon isotopes contribution?

Contribution from organic matter Signup and view all the answers

Which period experienced a regional cooling known as the 'Little Ice Age'?

Holocene Signup and view all the answers

What allows us to quantify the fractionation of heavy water in the atmosphere relative to oceans?

Presence of deuterium (2H) in water Signup and view all the answers

When is 𝛿18 𝑂 in ocean sediments/fossils low according to the text?