Central Dogma Quiz: DNA to Proteins - Chapter 17 Flashcards

What is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait best known as?

Which of the following refers to the alleles that an organism has?

What is the observable expression of a particular trait known as?

Which process by which DNA directs protein synthesis includes two stages: transcription and translation?

What is the information content of genes in the specific sequences of nucleotides?

What is the process of synthesizing RNA using the information in DNA called?

In which type of cell can translation of mRNA begin before transcription has finished?

What is the initial RNA transcript from any gene prior to processing called?

According to the central dogma, what is the intermediate molecule involved in the flow of information in a cell that should go in the blank: DNA → ________ → Proteins?

Where does transcription take place?

What is the molecule involved in the flow of information in a cell according to the central dogma, that should go in the blank: DNA → ________ → Proteins?

In which type of cell can translation of mRNA begin before transcription has finished?

What is the concept that cells are governed by a cellular chain of command from DNA to RNA to protein called?

What is the initial RNA transcript from any gene prior to processing called?

Where does the synthesis of a polypeptide occur using information in the mRNA?

What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

What is the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis?

Which molecule dictates the synthesis of proteins based on the inherited DNA?

What is the link between genotype and phenotype?

What does gene expression include in addition to transcription?

Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis

A segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait is known as a gene.

Genotype and Phenotype

The alleles that an organism has are referred to as its genotype.
The observable expression of a particular trait is known as the phenotype.
The genotype dictates the phenotype.

Central Dogma

The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis includes two stages: transcription and translation.
The information content of genes is in the specific sequences of nucleotides.
The process of synthesizing RNA using the information in DNA is called transcription.
According to the central dogma, the intermediate molecule involved in the flow of information in a cell is RNA (DNA → RNA → Proteins).

Transcription and Translation

Transcription takes place in the nucleus (in eukaryotic cells) or the cytoplasm (in prokaryotic cells).
The initial RNA transcript from any gene prior to processing is called pre-mRNA or heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA).
In prokaryotic cells, translation of mRNA can begin before transcription has finished.
The synthesis of a polypeptide occurs using information in the mRNA during translation.

Gene Regulation

Gene expression includes transcription and additional processes such as RNA processing, transport, and translation.
The concept that cells are governed by a cellular chain of command from DNA to RNA to protein is known as the central dogma.
DNA dictates the synthesis of proteins based on the inherited DNA code.