20 Questions
What is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait best known as?
Gene
Which of the following refers to the alleles that an organism has?
Allele
What is the observable expression of a particular trait known as?
Phenotype
Which process by which DNA directs protein synthesis includes two stages: transcription and translation?
Gene expression
What is the information content of genes in the specific sequences of nucleotides?
Genotype
What is the process of synthesizing RNA using the information in DNA called?
Transcription
In which type of cell can translation of mRNA begin before transcription has finished?
Prokaryotic cell
What is the initial RNA transcript from any gene prior to processing called?
Primary transcript
According to the central dogma, what is the intermediate molecule involved in the flow of information in a cell that should go in the blank: DNA → ________ → Proteins?
mRNA
Where does transcription take place?
Nucleus
What is the molecule involved in the flow of information in a cell according to the central dogma, that should go in the blank: DNA → ________ → Proteins?
mRNA
In which type of cell can translation of mRNA begin before transcription has finished?
Prokaryotic cell
What is the concept that cells are governed by a cellular chain of command from DNA to RNA to protein called?
Central dogma
What is the initial RNA transcript from any gene prior to processing called?
Primary transcript
Where does the synthesis of a polypeptide occur using information in the mRNA?
Cytoplasm
What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype represents the alleles and phenotype represents the physical characteristic.
What is the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis?
Transcription and translation
Which molecule dictates the synthesis of proteins based on the inherited DNA?
mRNA
What is the link between genotype and phenotype?
Proteins
What does gene expression include in addition to transcription?
Translation
Study Notes
Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis
- A segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait is known as a gene.
Genotype and Phenotype
- The alleles that an organism has are referred to as its genotype.
- The observable expression of a particular trait is known as the phenotype.
- The genotype dictates the phenotype.
Central Dogma
- The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis includes two stages: transcription and translation.
- The information content of genes is in the specific sequences of nucleotides.
- The process of synthesizing RNA using the information in DNA is called transcription.
- According to the central dogma, the intermediate molecule involved in the flow of information in a cell is RNA (DNA → RNA → Proteins).
Transcription and Translation
- Transcription takes place in the nucleus (in eukaryotic cells) or the cytoplasm (in prokaryotic cells).
- The initial RNA transcript from any gene prior to processing is called pre-mRNA or heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA).
- In prokaryotic cells, translation of mRNA can begin before transcription has finished.
- The synthesis of a polypeptide occurs using information in the mRNA during translation.
Gene Regulation
- Gene expression includes transcription and additional processes such as RNA processing, transport, and translation.
- The concept that cells are governed by a cellular chain of command from DNA to RNA to protein is known as the central dogma.
- DNA dictates the synthesis of proteins based on the inherited DNA code.
Test your understanding of genotype and phenotype with this quiz based on Chapter 17 of 'Expression of Genes'. Explore the definitions and expressions of genes in this informative quiz.
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