Genital Chlamydia Overview and Symptoms

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Questions and Answers

What is the highest prevalence age group for genital Chlamydia infections?

  • 25-34 years
  • 35-44 years
  • 15-24 years (correct)
  • 10-14 years

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of chlamydial infection in women?

  • Increased vaginal discharge
  • Deep dyspareunia
  • Dysuria
  • Fever and chills (correct)

What is a potential long-term complication of untreated chlamydia infection in women?

  • Chronic fatigue syndrome
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (correct)
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Cervical cancer

Which microorganism has the highest prevalence among non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) cases?

<p>Chlamydia trachomatis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign meaning there could be a chlamydial infection in women?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage range represents the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in NGU?

<p>11-50% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is commonly associated with rectal infections of chlamydia?

<p>May be asymptomatic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has contributed to the increased incidence of STIs in certain population groups?

<p>Increased antibiotic resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Genital Chlamydia

A sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It is the most commonly reported STI in the United States.

Asymptomatic

This refers to symptoms that are mild and often go unnoticed, especially in men.

Dysuria

A common symptom of Chlamydia infection in both men and women, characterized by difficulty or pain during urination.

Cervicitis

A condition that results from an infection of the cervix (the lower part of the uterus) and is often a symptom of Chlamydia infection.

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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

An inflammatory disease that can affect the reproductive organs in women, often caused by untreated STIs like Chlamydia. This condition can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.

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Rectal Infection

An infection of the rectum, usually asymptomatic, but may cause anal discharge and discomfort. It is sometimes associated with Chlamydia.

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Urethritis

An infection of the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body) that is usually caused by Chlamydia or other bacteria.

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Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

A common symptom of Chlamydia infection in women, characterized by abnormal vaginal discharge.

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Study Notes

Genital Chlamydia

  • Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular bacterium
  • Highest prevalence in 15-24 year olds
  • Infection may resolve naturally or persist
  • Can cause significant short- and long-term health problems

Chlamydia Symptoms and Presentation

  • Many infected individuals are asymptomatic, especially initially
  • Symptoms may include abnormal genital discharge, painful urination, pelvic pain, and abnormal vaginal bleeding in women
  • Left untreated, it can lead to serious complications like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, and ectopic pregnancy

Chlamydia Clinical Features

  • Women: Symptoms may include increased vaginal discharge, post-coital/intermenstrual bleeding, dysuria, lower abdominal pain, and deep dyspareunia. Signs include mucopurulent cervicitis (with or without bleeding), pelvic tenderness, and cervical motion tenderness.
  • Men: Symptoms (often mild and unnoticed) may include urethral discharge and dysuria. Signs include urethral discharge.

Chlamydia Long-Term Effects

  • Increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), endometritis, salpingitis, tubal infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and sexually acquired reactive arthritis (SARA) in women

Chlamydia - Extra-genital Infections

  • Rectal infections: Often asymptomatic, but may cause anal discharge and anorectal discomfort; even women without reported anal sex may be infected.
  • Pharyngeal infections: Chlamydia carriage in the throat is higher in men who have sex with men (MSM) (0.5-2.3%), but data on women is limited; typically asymptomatic.
  • Conjunctival infections: Usually sexually acquired in adults, presenting as unilateral chronic, low-grade eye irritation (can be bilateral).
  • Urethritis and Cervicitis: Common bacterial causes include Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC), Non-gonococcal Urethritis (NGU) with various subtypes including Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasmas, and Trichomonas vaginalis. Adenoviruses and Herpes simplex virus-2 are also mentioned as potential causes with much lower prevalence compared to the others.

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