57 Questions
What is the gram-staining characteristic of Chlamydia trachomatis?
Gram negative
What is the recommended diagnostic test for Chlamydia?
NAAT
If testing for Chlamydia is done, what else is also tested for?
Gonorrhea
What action is recommended if either the Chlamydia or gonorrhea test comes back positive?
Ensure partners get tested and treated
What is the primary treatment for Chlamydia?
Azithromycin
How is Gonorrhea primarily treated?
Ceftriaxone
What could happen if Gonorrhea is left untreated in females?
It could progress to PID
What is the causative agent of syphilis and what is the bacterial shape?
Treponema pallidum (spirochete)
Why is syphilis known as 'the great imitator'?
It imitates the symptoms of other diseases
What is the first sign of the primary phase of syphilis?
Painless sores called chancres
What is a common symptom of secondary syphilis?
Non-pruritic body rash
What part of the body is typically affected by the rash in secondary syphilis?
Palms and soles
What is the relationship between contracting syphilis and HIV infection risk?
It increases the risk for an HIV infection
Which of the following is a characteristic presentation of genital herpes?
Clustered vesicles that are painful when they break
Lee Vmee Uhlone came into the office for a checkup. They are found to have herpes. Which medication is not likely to be prescribed?
azithromycin
What demographic group is most at risk for HPV in the USA?
Teens and young adults
What is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the USA?
HPV
Which types of HPV are associated with genital warts?
Type 6 and type 11
Which types of HPV are associated with the majority of HPV-caused cancers?
Type 16 and type 18
What is the first concern when HIV causes a drop in CD4 levels?
Candidiasis
Due to advances in early diagnosis and aggressive treatment, what is HIV now largely considered as?
Chronic disease
What type of virus is HIV?
Retrovirus
Which test is known for its sensitivity in detecting HIV?
Rapid antibody test
Which test is specifically used to confirm the presence of HIV antibodies?
Western Blot
What is the distinguishing feature of the Western Blot test in HIV diagnosis?
Specificity
What is the significance of a CD4 count dropping below 200 in a person with HIV?
It signifies the progression to AIDS
Which of the following is NOT a condition that defines an AIDS diagnosis?
Chlamydia
Which of the following is NOT a condition that defines an AIDS diagnosis?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What is the recommended treatment for Pneumocystis jirovecii?
Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole
Which condition is described as an opportunistic infection in individuals with weakened immune systems?
Kaposi sarcoma
Chu Ingam presents with a headache, focal neurologic deficits, and altered mental status. Which condition has Chu most likely contracted?
Toxoplasmosis
Mike Miday stepped on a rusty nail...
Tetanus
How is cryptosporidiosis commonly contracted?
Through exposure to stool contaminated food and water
Where are waterborne transmission of cryptosporidiosis infections commonly acquired?
Water parks and swimming pools
What accounts for infections in travelers and common-source epidemics related to cryptosporidiosis?
Waterborne transmission
What is a common transmission route of toxoplasmosis?
Contact with cat feces
What is a potential consequence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women?
Risk of transmission to the fetus
What are potential consequences of severe toxoplasmosis?
Eye and brain damage
Boar Ted Eth comes into the clinic with diarrhea and vomiting. Boar says that his mother (Jane Doe) is also experiencing the same symptoms that began at the same time? What is an important thing to ask Boar?
What is everything you and your mother have eaten?
What is a potential symptom of severe Shigellosis?
Mucous and blood in the stools
Where is the reservoir for Salmonellosis primarily found?
Domestic and wild animals including poultry and swine TURTLES
Why are chemistry panels important in assessing a patient's dehydration status?
To measure the levels of electrolytes and minerals in the blood
What is the primary reservoir of campylobacteriosis?
Chickens and cows
What is a common source of exposure to campylobacteriosis?
Undercooked meat
What is the primary reservoir for E. coli?
Cows
Which bacterium is associated with the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Escherichia coli 0157:H7
What type of bacteria causes botulism?
Clostridium botulinum Gram +
What is the characteristic feature used to diagnose Vibrio cholerae?
Rice water stools
What is the gram stain classification of Vibrio cholerae?
Gram negative
How is Hepatitis A primarily transmitted?
By consuming contaminated food or water
Which route of transmission is associated with Hepatitis A?
Fecal-oral, food, or waterborne transmission
What is another name for Giardia?
Beaver Fever
How can Zika virus be transmitted to a fetus?
During childbirth
In what ways can Zika virus be transmitted to a newborn?
Through breastfeeding
What is the causative agent of Lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
What is the primary presentation of Lyme disease?
Erythema migrans or bull's eye rash
How do you properly remove a tik?
Tweezers as close to the skin as possible, steady pressure to remove, don't twist, wash area with soap and water, no Vaseline, fingernail polish, or matches.
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