Genetics: Tongue-Rolling and Blood Groups

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Questions and Answers

What is the result when a child inherits one tongue-rolling gene and one non-rolling gene?

  • The child will be a non-tongue-roller.
  • The child will be a tongue-roller. (correct)
  • The child's ability to roll their tongue is uncertain.
  • The child must inherit two non-rolling genes to roll their tongue.

Which genotype represents a heterozygous individual in the tongue-rolling gene?

  • Tt (correct)
  • tt
  • T
  • TT

What is the probability of a child being a non-tongue-roller if both parents are heterozygous (Tt)?

  • 50%
  • 25% (correct)
  • 100%
  • 0%

How many alleles determine the A and B blood group phenotypes?

<p>Four (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of blood group inheritance, which genotype would result in blood group AB?

<p>AB (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can a recessive gene only be expressed if both chromosomes have it?

<p>Only two copies of a recessive gene can provide enough expression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about sex-linked inheritance is correct?

<p>The X chromosome carries more genes than the Y chromosome. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the letters TT, Tt, and tt represent in the context of tongue-rolling gene inheritance?

<p>Homozygous and heterozygous genotypes for the rolling trait. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using Punnett squares in genetics?

<p>To predict the probability of inheriting specific traits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Tongue-rolling Phenotype

Tongue-rolling is expressed because the tongue-rolling gene (T) is dominant over the non-rolling gene (t).

Heterozygous Genotype (Tt)

Tt represents a heterozygous individual, carrying one dominant (T) and one recessive (t) allele for the tongue-rolling gene.

Probability of Non-Tongue-Roller

There is a 25% chance that the child will be a non-tongue-roller (tt) when both parents are heterozygous (Tt).

Blood Group Alleles

A and B blood group phenotypes are determined by three alleles: A, B, and O. The question says 4 alleles, but this is likely an error.

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Blood Group AB Genotype

The genotype AB results in blood group AB, where both A and B alleles are expressed.

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Recessive Gene Expression

Recessive genes require two copies to be expressed because only two copies will provide enough protein/expression to influence the observed phenotype.

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Genes on Sex Chromosomes

The X chromosome carries more genes than the Y chromosome. Therefore, sex-linked traits are more commonly associated with the X chromosome.

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TT, Tt, and tt Meaning

TT represents a homozygous dominant genotype, Tt represents a heterozygous genotype, and tt represents a homozygous recessive genotype for the tongue-rolling trait.

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Punnett Square Purpose

Punnett squares predict the probability of offspring inheriting specific traits by showing all possible combinations of parental alleles.

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Study Notes

Tongue-Rolling Inheritance

  • Tongue-rolling is a dominant trait, meaning only one copy of the tongue-rolling gene is needed for an individual to express the trait.
  • Individuals who cannot roll their tongues are homozygous for the recessive gene.
  • A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the probability of inheriting specific traits.
  • A Punnett square for tongue-rolling with heterozygous parents will show a 75% chance of a child inheriting the tongue-rolling gene.

Blood Group Inheritance

  • Blood type is determined by the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
  • There are four possible alleles for blood type: A, B, AB, and O.
  • An individual may inherit different combinations of these alleles, resulting in different blood types.
  • A Punnett Square can be used to predict the possible blood types of offspring.
  • For example, if one parent has blood type A (genotype AA) and the other has blood type B (genotype BB), their child could have any of the following blood types: AB, A, or B.

Sex-Linked Inheritance

  • The X chromosome is much larger than the Y chromosome and carries many more genes.
  • Most genes on the X chromosome are not related to sex determination.
  • Sex-linked inheritance refers to traits determined by genes located on the sex chromosomes.
  • Examples of sex-linked traits include hemophilia and red-green color blindness.

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