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Questions and Answers
The form of a gene that is always expressed if present is the ___ form.
The form of a gene that is always expressed if present is the ___ form.
dominant
What are the expected phenotypic results when two heterozygous purple-flowering pea plants are crossed, given that purple is dominant over white?
What are the expected phenotypic results when two heterozygous purple-flowering pea plants are crossed, given that purple is dominant over white?
create a punnett square
What law best explains why an organism with 'Tt' will show only the dominant phenotype?
What law best explains why an organism with 'Tt' will show only the dominant phenotype?
Law of Dominance
If an organism inherits one dominant allele and one recessive allele for eye color, their genotype would be?
If an organism inherits one dominant allele and one recessive allele for eye color, their genotype would be?
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What is the chance that any of the children of two parents with the genotype Gg will inherit a recessive genetic disorder?
What is the chance that any of the children of two parents with the genotype Gg will inherit a recessive genetic disorder?
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Which Mendelian law of inheritance states that organisms inherit two copies of each gene and donate one copy to each of their offspring?
Which Mendelian law of inheritance states that organisms inherit two copies of each gene and donate one copy to each of their offspring?
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What percent chance does the offspring have for red feathers when a homozygous dominant and a homozygous recessive bird mate?
What percent chance does the offspring have for red feathers when a homozygous dominant and a homozygous recessive bird mate?
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What must be the genotypes of a rough coat boar and a soft coat sow that produce 50% rough coat and 50% smooth coat piglets?
What must be the genotypes of a rough coat boar and a soft coat sow that produce 50% rough coat and 50% smooth coat piglets?
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What would the genotypic ratio of the offspring be from two heterozygous parents who have a dominant allele A for brown eyes and a recessive allele for blue eyes?
What would the genotypic ratio of the offspring be from two heterozygous parents who have a dominant allele A for brown eyes and a recessive allele for blue eyes?
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What is the genotype for TT?
What is the genotype for TT?
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What is the genotype for Tt?
What is the genotype for Tt?
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What is the genotype for tt?
What is the genotype for tt?
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If square is dominant over round, what are the phenotypes for the genotypes SS, Ss, and ss?
If square is dominant over round, what are the phenotypes for the genotypes SS, Ss, and ss?
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What must you know when practicing punnett squares?
What must you know when practicing punnett squares?
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For an XX female to express a recessive sex-linked trait, she must have?
For an XX female to express a recessive sex-linked trait, she must have?
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What type of trait occurs in a continuous range due to many gene interactions?
What type of trait occurs in a continuous range due to many gene interactions?
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Which pattern of inheritance explains the common inheritance of red hair and freckles?
Which pattern of inheritance explains the common inheritance of red hair and freckles?
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Which pair of genes in a diagram would be most likely to be inherited together?
Which pair of genes in a diagram would be most likely to be inherited together?
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What is the only blood type not possible in the children of a man with Type A blood and a woman with Type AB blood?
What is the only blood type not possible in the children of a man with Type A blood and a woman with Type AB blood?
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What type of inheritance is shown when a cross between a red-haired and a white-haired purebred animal produces offspring with both hair colors?
What type of inheritance is shown when a cross between a red-haired and a white-haired purebred animal produces offspring with both hair colors?
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In a cross between tropical fish where all male offspring have long tails while none of the females do, this trait is considered?
In a cross between tropical fish where all male offspring have long tails while none of the females do, this trait is considered?
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What type of dominance occurs in a cross between a white horse and a chestnut horse producing all light brown horses?
What type of dominance occurs in a cross between a white horse and a chestnut horse producing all light brown horses?
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What type of inheritance is shown when a cross between tall and short sunflowers results in varying heights?
What type of inheritance is shown when a cross between tall and short sunflowers results in varying heights?
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What is the probability of a colorblind male being born to a color-blind mother and a color-normal father?
What is the probability of a colorblind male being born to a color-blind mother and a color-normal father?
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Mutations can be caused by all of the following except?
Mutations can be caused by all of the following except?
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In order for a mutation to be passed on from parent to offspring, it must occur in?
In order for a mutation to be passed on from parent to offspring, it must occur in?
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What is it called when a mutation only changes the nucleotide sequence for a single protein?
What is it called when a mutation only changes the nucleotide sequence for a single protein?
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What kind of mutation occurred in the sex chromosome of an individual with the genotype XXY?
What kind of mutation occurred in the sex chromosome of an individual with the genotype XXY?
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Study Notes
Genetic Terminology
- Dominant form of a gene is expressed if present in an organism's genotype.
- Heterozygous genotype occurs when an organism inherits one dominant and one recessive allele.
- Homozygous indicates having two identical alleles for a trait, while heterozygous refers to different alleles.
Mendelian Inheritance Laws
- Law of Dominance: An organism with a heterozygous genotype (like 'Tt') will display the dominant phenotype.
- Law of Segregation: Each organism inherits two copies of each gene and donates one to their offspring.
Punnett Squares
- Used to predict the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring in genetic crosses.
- Crosses of homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive parents yield predictable results based on dominant and recessive traits.
Genetic Ratios and Traits
- A genetic cross involving two heterozygous individuals often results in a phenotypic ratio of 3:1 for dominant and recessive traits.
- Polygenic traits, like human height, arise from the interaction of multiple genes, resulting in a continuous range of expression.
- Co-dominance occurs when both alleles are expressed equally, while incomplete dominance results in a blend of traits.
Sex-linked Traits
- Recessive sex-linked traits require two recessive alleles for females (XX) to be expressed.
- Male offspring of a colorblind mother and a normal vision father have a probability of being colorblind, requiring analysis through Punnett squares.
Mutations
- Mutations affecting gametes can be passed from parent to offspring.
- Types of mutations include gene mutations that alter nucleotide sequences of a single gene and nondisjunction, which can lead to disorders such as Down syndrome.
Miscellaneous Genetic Concepts
- Disorders can arise from nondisjunction events, specifically in autosomes or sex chromosomes.
- Linked genes are inherited together more frequently if they are located close to one another on the same chromosome.
- Genetic crosses can demonstrate specific inheritance patterns based on the dominance or interaction of alleles.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of genetics with these flashcards covering key terms and concepts. Each card includes definitions and examples, helping you to better understand genetic principles such as dominance and the law of segregation. Perfect for students studying genetics or preparing for exams.
