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Questions and Answers
In genetics, what distinguishes an allele from a gene?
In genetics, what distinguishes an allele from a gene?
- A gene is the outward appearance or characteristic of an organism, while an allele is the unit of hereditary material.
- An allele is a structure of DNA tightly coiled around proteins, while a gene is responsible for the phenotype.
- An allele represents a specific version of a gene, while a gene is a unit of hereditary material. (correct)
- A gene represents a specific version of hereditary information, while an allele determines the physical characteristics.
How do autosomal dominant disorders differ from autosomal recessive disorders in terms of inheritance?
How do autosomal dominant disorders differ from autosomal recessive disorders in terms of inheritance?
- Autosomal dominant disorders are only expressed in males, while autosomal recessive disorders are only expressed in females.
- Autosomal dominant disorders are sex-linked, while autosomal recessive disorders are linked to autosomes.
- Autosomal dominant disorders require inheritance of one affected allele, while autosomal recessive disorders require two. (correct)
- Autosomal dominant disorders require inheritance of two affected alleles, while autosomal recessive disorders require only one.
What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
- Genotype and phenotype are unrelated concepts in genetics.
- Genotype and phenotype are interchangeable terms for the genetic makeup of an organism.
- Genotype influences the phenotype, with the phenotype being the outward expression of the genotype. (correct)
- Genotype is the physical manifestation of genes, while phenotype is the genetic makeup.
How does the number of chromosome sets differ in haploid and diploid cells?
How does the number of chromosome sets differ in haploid and diploid cells?
What is the significance of understanding whether a genetic disorder is sex-linked versus autosomal?
What is the significance of understanding whether a genetic disorder is sex-linked versus autosomal?
Considering autosomal recessive inheritance, if both parents are carriers (heterozygous) for a particular condition, what is the probability that their child will inherit the condition?
Considering autosomal recessive inheritance, if both parents are carriers (heterozygous) for a particular condition, what is the probability that their child will inherit the condition?
What are gametes, and how do they contribute to genetic diversity?
What are gametes, and how do they contribute to genetic diversity?
What role do chromosomes play in heredity?
What role do chromosomes play in heredity?
How does being homozygous for a particular allele differ from being heterozygous for that allele?
How does being homozygous for a particular allele differ from being heterozygous for that allele?
In an autosomal dominant disorder, if one parent is affected (heterozygous) and the other is not affected, what is the probability that their child will inherit the disorder?
In an autosomal dominant disorder, if one parent is affected (heterozygous) and the other is not affected, what is the probability that their child will inherit the disorder?
Flashcards
Gametes
Gametes
Reproductive cells; sex cells (sperm and egg).
Chromosomes
Chromosomes
Structures of DNA tightly coiled around proteins; carry genetic information.
Gene
Gene
A unit of hereditary material; segment of DNA coding for a trait.
Allele
Allele
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Phenotype
Phenotype
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Genotype
Genotype
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Homozygous
Homozygous
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Heterozygous
Heterozygous
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Dominant
Dominant
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Recessive
Recessive
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Study Notes
- Genetics is covered in two videos
Common Terms in Genetics
- Find it at https://youtu.be/4oQAMpLxo5k
- Gametes are reproductive or sex cells
- Female gametes are ova, or egg cells, and male gametes are sperm cells
- Chromosomes are structures of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
- Genes are a unit of hereditary material
- Alleles are different versions of a gene
- Phenotype refers to outward appearances or characteristics of an organism depending upon genes (e.g., red hair)
- Genotype is responsible for the phenotype
- Homozygous means two of the same alleles
- Heterozygous means two different alleles
- Dominant alleles influence phenotype
- Recessive phenotype are not expressed
- Haploid refers to one set of chromosomes like egg and sperm
- Diploid refers to two sets of chromosomes
Autosomal Recessive vs Autosomal Dominance
- Find it at https://youtu.be/zYdOeHAhaHA
- Autosomes are non-sex chromosomes that do not influence gender
- Karyotype is a picture of a person's chromosomes
Autosomal Disorders
- Autosomal disorders occur on autosomes
- Examples include CF, HD, and SCD
Sex-Linked Disorders
- Sex linked disorders appear on sex chromosomes
- An example is hemophilia
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
- Sufferers must inherit two alleles to have the disorder
- Healthy is dominant
- Disorder is recessive
- Examples include sickle cell disease, phenylketonuria (PKU), cystic fibrosis, and albinism
Autosomal Dominance Inheritance
- Sufferers must inherit only one allele to have the disorder
- Disorder is dominant
- Healthy is recessive
- Examples include Huntington's disease (HD) and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)
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