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Genetics Review: DNA Structure and Basics

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Genetics Review: DNA Structure and Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of DNA replication?

To create a complementary DNA strand for RNA synthesis

To repair damaged DNA sequences

To transcribe genetic information into proteins

To provide a new set of chromosomes to the daughter cell (correct)

What is the primary purpose of gel electrophoresis?

To measure the size of DNA molecules

To determine the sequence of nucleotides

To establish genetic relationships and identify suspects (correct)

To amplify DNA sequences

Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA double helix during replication?

RNA polymerase

Helicase (correct)

DNA polymerase

Ligase

What is the direction of DNA replication?

5' to 3' only Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between DNA and RNA?

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the phosphate group in a nucleotide?

To make up part of the backbone of DNA Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA transfers amino acids to the ribosome and participates in protein synthesis?

tRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of RNA polymerase in transcription?

To separate the two DNA strands and create a template for the complementary mRNA strand Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a change in the total number of chromosomes in an organism?

Chromosomal mutation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a nucleotide or an entire gene going missing due to an error during DNA replication?

Deletion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of creating a complementary mRNA strand from a DNA template?

Transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a karyotype?

To identify chromosomal mutations Signup and view all the answers