Genetics Review: DNA Structure and Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of DNA replication?

  • To create a complementary DNA strand for RNA synthesis
  • To repair damaged DNA sequences
  • To transcribe genetic information into proteins
  • To provide a new set of chromosomes to the daughter cell (correct)

What is the primary purpose of gel electrophoresis?

  • To measure the size of DNA molecules
  • To determine the sequence of nucleotides
  • To establish genetic relationships and identify suspects (correct)
  • To amplify DNA sequences

Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA double helix during replication?

  • RNA polymerase
  • Helicase (correct)
  • DNA polymerase
  • Ligase

What is the direction of DNA replication?

<p>5' to 3' only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between DNA and RNA?

<p>DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the phosphate group in a nucleotide?

<p>To make up part of the backbone of DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA transfers amino acids to the ribosome and participates in protein synthesis?

<p>tRNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of RNA polymerase in transcription?

<p>To separate the two DNA strands and create a template for the complementary mRNA strand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a change in the total number of chromosomes in an organism?

<p>Chromosomal mutation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a nucleotide or an entire gene going missing due to an error during DNA replication?

<p>Deletion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of creating a complementary mRNA strand from a DNA template?

<p>Transcription (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a karyotype?

<p>To identify chromosomal mutations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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