Genetics Quiz: Nature of Inheritance

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary emotional response that a woman may experience after a spontaneous miscarriage?

Indifference towards the situation

Relief and happiness about the loss

Excitement about future pregnancies

Sadness and grief over the loss (correct)

What is a common site for ectopic pregnancy implantation?

Cervix

Ovary

Uterus

Fallopian tube (correct)

Which procedure can be performed after chemotherapy to assess tubal patency?

Culdoscopy

Laparoscopy

Hysterosalpingogram or Ultrasound (correct)

MRI scan of the pelvis

What therapeutic agent is used to treat unruptured ectopic pregnancies?

Methotrexate Signup and view all the answers

What type of inheritance pattern does Duchene muscular dystrophy follow?

Multifactorial (Polygenic) inheritance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common physical examination finding in cases of ectopic pregnancy?

Tender mass palpable in cul-de-sac Signup and view all the answers

Which group is most likely to benefit from genetic testing or counseling?

A couple who has a child with a congenital disorder Signup and view all the answers

What does imprinting refer to in genetics?

Differential expression of genetic material based on parental origin Signup and view all the answers

What complication is associated with pain in the shoulder during pregnancy?

Irritation of the phrenic nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical anxiety response a woman may experience after a miscarriage?

Feeling powerless or anxious Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of nondisjunction in chromosome division?

One gamete with an extra chromosome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of multifactorial disorders?

Predictable patterns in family history Signup and view all the answers

Which test is essential to determine hemoglobin levels in evaluating pregnancy complications?

Blood sample for hemoglobin level test Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario indicates a higher risk for genetic disorders in couples?

A consanguineous couple Signup and view all the answers

What role do nursing responsibilities play in genetic counseling?

Assist couples in values clarification and decision-making Signup and view all the answers

Which age category is considered at higher risk for genetic disorders?

Women older than 35 years and men older than 55 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the main management step for a client experiencing significant uterine separation in Grade 3?

Keep the client in left lateral position and monitor closely Signup and view all the answers

Which maternal factor is NOT listed as a risk factor for complications during pregnancy?

Regular exercise Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is indicative of preterm rupture of membranes?

Increased vaginal discharge Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be regularly monitored in a patient with potential fetal distress?

Fetal heart sounds and maternal vital signs Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign that may indicate maternal complications during pregnancy?

Persistent, dull, and low backache Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is NOT recommended for managing Grade 3 uterine separation?

Performing an abdominal examination Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of untreated Grade 3 uterine separation?

Maternal hypovolemic shock and fetal death Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signs should alert a caregiver to assess for potential uterine complications?

Menstrual-like cramping Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability of a child being free from a disease and carrier free when one parent is heterozygous for an autosomal dominant disorder?

50% Signup and view all the answers

In autosomal recessive inheritance, under what condition does the disease manifest?

When both genes for the disease are present Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the sex of affected individuals in autosomal dominant inheritance?

The sex of the affected individual is unimportant Signup and view all the answers

What is the chance of a couple, both heterozygous for an autosomal dominant disorder, having a child who is homozygous dominant and incompatible with life?

25% Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes do humans typically have in each cell?

46 including 22 pairs of autosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic study focuses specifically on chromosomes and chromosomal disorders?

Cytogenetics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the nature of autosomal dominant inheritance in a family with a history of the disorder?

Multiple generations will be affected Signup and view all the answers

What is considered abnormally heavy bleeding during assessment?

Saturating more than one pad per hour Signup and view all the answers

What symptom indicates that a complete miscarriage has occurred?

All products of conception are expelled Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is NOT mentioned for assessing a miscarriage?

MRI for uterine assessment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended management strategy after a miscarriage?

Complete bed rest Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of miscarriage due to unexplained circumstances?

Chromosomal abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be avoided during the recovery period after a miscarriage?

Strenuous activity for 24-48 hours Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the bleeding after a complete miscarriage?

Bleeding usually slows within 2 hours Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the HCG levels in the bloodstream if the placenta is still intact after 48 hours?

They should double Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nature of Inheritance

Genes are units of heredity determining physical and cognitive traits, composed of DNA.
Autosomal dominant inheritance has a 50% chance for children of affected parents to inherit the disorder.
Heterozygous parents have a 25% chance of a child being disease-free, 50% chance of being affected, and 25% chance of homozygous dominant (often incompatible with life).
Autosomal recessive inheritance requires two copies of the gene for the disorder to manifest with a 25% chance for disease-free carriers and 50% chances of being carriers.

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance patterns can be Mendelian or involve complex interactions.
Familial patterns show that at least one parent will have the disorder in autosomal dominant cases.

Multifactorial Inheritance

Results from multiple genes and environmental factors; disorders like heart disease and diabetes often arise this way.
Does not follow Mendelian laws, with unpredictable patterns and family histories.

Imprinting

Refers to differential expression depending on whether genetic material is inherited from the mother or father, aiding in identifying chromosomal issues.

Chromosomal Abnormalities

Caused by nondisjunction, leading to uneven chromosome distribution (e.g., one sperm has 24 chromosomes, another has 22).
Early diagnosis through genetic screening is crucial.

Nursing Responsibilities

Provide information on genetic testing procedures and support for couples.
Assist with values clarification and decision-making regarding genetic risks.

Causes and Symptoms of Miscarriage

Symptoms include vaginal bleeding (initially scant and bright red), slight cramping, and absence of cervical dilatation.
Possible causes are chromosomal or uterine abnormalities.
Management includes rest and monitoring bleeding.

Complete Miscarriage

Defined by the expulsion of all products of conception without medical assistance.
Common symptoms: vaginal spotting, cramping, and complete expulsion observed.

Ectopic Pregnancy

Occurs when implantation happens outside the uterus, typically in a fallopian tube (95% of cases).
Symptoms may include shoulder pain due to irritation of the phrenic nerve and dull abdominal pain.

Classifications of Placental Abruption

Grade 1: Minimal separation, vaginal bleeding, stable maternal vitals.
Grade 2: Moderate separation with fetal distress; uterus tense.
Grade 3: Extreme separation leading to maternal shock and potential fetal death without immediate intervention.

Therapeutic Approaches

Management for complications includes hospitalization, IV fluid replacement, and monitoring.
Procedures like laparoscopy and amniocentesis are used for further assessment in suspected cases.

Risk Factors for Complications

Maternal factors include infections, dehydration, obesity, chronic illnesses, and emotional stress.
Symptoms indicating complications range from backaches and pelvic pressure to increased vaginal discharge and menstrual-like cramping.

Use these notes to focus on the key concepts, classification of genetic disorders, and their implications for pregnancy management in nursing practice.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of inheritance with this quiz focused on autosomal dominant traits. Understand how genetic combinations affect the likelihood of passing on specific disorders. Test your knowledge of basic genetic principles and dominant traits.