Genetic Inheritance and Phenotype

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Questions and Answers

Which type of inheritance is associated with the formation of lesions on the skin?

Autosomal dominant (correct)
X-linked dominant
Autosomal recessive
X-linked recessive

In autosomal dominant inheritance, if a father has the disease and the mother is unaffected, what is the probability that their child will inherit the disease?

75%
0%
50% (correct)
25%

If a father has type O blood and his son has type A blood, what are the possible blood types of his son's mother?

Types A, B, or O (correct)
Type A
Type O
Type B

Which of the following is an example of a sex-influenced trait?

Baldness in XY carriers (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a situation where the phenotype produced by a variant of one gene blocks or masks the phenotype produced by alleles of another gene?

Epistasis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenotypic ratio expected in the F2 generation of a dihybrid cross when two genes affect different traits?

9:3:3:1 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a sex-limited trait?

Ovary development in XX carriers (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of genomic (parental) imprinting?

Angelman syndrome (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a dominant allele at one locus in a dominant epistasis interaction?

It masks the expression of a recessive allele at another locus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes homoplasmy?

Every mitochondrial genome carries the causative mutation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is heteroplasmy?

Contain a mixed population of normal and mutant genomes in each cell (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which haplogroup is mentioned in the text?

U5a1b (A) Signup and view all the answers

How old is the maternal haplogroup U5a1b?

8,500 years old (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does epistasis refer to?

The phenomenon where one gene masks or modifies the effect of another gene (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of gene duplication in inheritance patterns?

The impact of gene duplication in inheritance patterns (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an application of Bayesian inference?

Biology (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the posterior probability denoted as in Bayesian inference?

P(H|E) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does Bayesian inference compute the posterior probability according to?

Bayes' theorem (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of parameterizing the space of models?

To represent the distribution of belief over the model space (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, what does the vector θ represent?

The parameter space (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of distributions are expressed in this section, according to the text?

Continuous distributions (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the probability of observing evidence given a hypothesis?

Likelihood (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the probability of a hypothesis given the observed evidence?

Posterior probability (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does Bayes' rule state?

P(H|E) = P(E|H) * P(H) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the probability distribution representing the current state of belief for a process?

Event space (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which field is Bayesian inference an important technique in?

Statistics (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the posterior probability denoted as in Bayesian inference?

P(H|E) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of parameterizing the space of models in Bayesian inference?

To determine the most probable hypothesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of parameterizing the space of models?

To represent the distribution of belief over the parameter space (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of distributions are expressed in this section, according to the text?

Continuous distributions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does epistasis refer to?

A situation where the phenotype produced by a variant of one gene blocks or masks the phenotype produced by alleles of another gene (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the probability of observing evidence given a hypothesis?

Likelihood (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the probability distribution representing the current state of belief for a process?

Prior probability (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does Bayes' rule state?

P(H|E) = P(E|H) * P(H) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability denoted as in Bayesian inference?

P(H|E) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Autosomal Dominant Inheritance

Lesions form due to the presence of a dominant gene.

Child's Inheritance Probability

The child has a 50% chance of inheriting the disease.