Genetics Quiz: F2 Generation and Gene Interaction

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What phenomenon causes a single gene to affect multiple traits?

Genetic drift

Pleiotropy (correct)

Polygenic inheritance

Epistasis

What is the genotypic ratio obtained from the cross of the two rice strains?

2:4:2:1:2:1

1:3:1:2:1:2:1:2:1

1:1:2:2

1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1 (correct)

What is the phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation of the rice strain cross?

13:3 (correct)

1:2:1

3:1

9:3:4

Which of the following is an example of a pleiotropic gene in humans?

Beta-globin gene Signup and view all the answers

How many green phenotypes were produced in the F2 generation from the rice cross?

13 Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is not affected by the Lic gene in cotton?

Flower color Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the genetic condition referred to as sickle cell anemia?

A mutation in the beta-globin gene Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'pleiotropism' refer to in genetics?

A single gene influencing multiple traits Signup and view all the answers

What is the genotypic ratio in the F2 generation of the described flower types?

1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation from selfing described?

9:7 Signup and view all the answers

In inhibitory gene action, what does the dominant allele of the first gene do?

Inhibits expression of other dominant alleles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when dominant genes 'P' and 'I' are present together in rice?

Purple color is prevented. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the recessive allele of the second gene in inhibitory gene action is true?

It has no effect on the character being studied. Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for the phenotype produced by the dominant gene 'P' to be expressed?

Homozygous recessive state of the inhibitory locus. Signup and view all the answers

Which genotype represents the F1 generation from the described parental cross?

C1c2 Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the examples given, what phenotype does the dominant allele 'P' produce?

Purple color. Signup and view all the answers

What shape do red blood cells take as a result of the specific mutation discussed?

Sickle-shaped Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines multiple alleles?

More than two alternative forms of a gene at the same locus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an important example of multiple alleles?

Height in humans Signup and view all the answers

What does the ABO blood type system primarily rely on?

Antigen-antibody relationship Signup and view all the answers

What happens when incompatible blood types mix?

Cells agglutinate Signup and view all the answers

Which allele is associated with producing no antigen in the ABO blood group?

i Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibodies in the immune system?

To connect to antigens and signal the immune response Signup and view all the answers

Which allele produces antigen A in the blood type system?

IA Signup and view all the answers

What phenotype is produced when both genes are in the recessive state?

Awnless Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of the awnless rice strain cross?

15:1 Signup and view all the answers

In sweet pea, what is the requirement for producing purple flowers?

C1 and C2 in dominant state Signup and view all the answers

What is the genotypic ratio of the F1 generation from the cross of awned and awnless rice strains?

1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1 Signup and view all the answers

Which genotype corresponds to an awned rice plant in the F1 generation?

A1a1A2a2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main significance of recessive alleles at two loci in the context of gene interaction?

They can completely mask the expression of dominant alleles Signup and view all the answers

Bateson and Punnet discovered which of the following regarding flower color in sweet pea?

Crossing white flower varieties results in purple flowers Signup and view all the answers

In the context of flower color in sweet pea, what happens when either gene is in the recessive state?

Only white flowers are obtained Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main parts of a chloroplast?

Envelope, Thylakoids, Matrix Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a function of mitochondria?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inheritance involves the transmission of traits through cytoplasmic DNA?

Cytoplasmic inheritance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What role do kappa particles play in Paramecium?

They are associated with the killer strain's toxicity. Signup and view all the answers

What structures are included in the formation of mitochondria?

Outer membrane, Cristae, Matrix Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a characteristic of non-Mendelian inheritance?

It is influenced by infectious particles. Signup and view all the answers

What substance does the killer strain of Paramecium secrete?

Paramecin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

F2 Generation - Flower Color Inheritance

In the F2 generation, a phenotypic ratio of 9:7 for flower color appears.
The genotypic ratio observed is 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1.
Parental genotypes: C1C1c2c2 (White) x c1c1C2C2 (White).
F1 generation exhibits the genotype C1c1C2c2 (Purple).

Inhibitory Gene Action

Inhibitory genes can prevent the expression of other dominant alleles, demonstrating interallelic interaction.
A dominant allele at one locus can inhibit both dominant and recessive alleles of a second locus.
Purple pigmentation in rice is dependent on a dominant gene 'P' and an inhibitory gene 'I'.
F1 hybrid (IiPp) with dominant genes appears green due to the presence of the inhibitory gene.
F2 generation results in a phenotypic ratio of 13 green: 3 purple.

Pleiotropism

Pleiotropy refers to a single gene affecting multiple traits or phenotypes.
First observed by Gregor Mendel in pea plants.
Example: In cotton, the Lic gene produces seeds without lint and also affects leaf shape and fertility.
In humans, the recessive sickle cell gene leads to multiple health complications due to abnormal red blood cell shape.

Duplicate Recessive Genes

Interallelic interaction where recessive alleles at either of two loci can mask dominant expressions.
Example: In sweet peas, purple flowers require both dominant alleles C1 and C2; failure results in white flowers.
Observed ratio: 9:7, indicating the interaction of duplicate recessive genes.

Multiple Alleles

Multiple alleles represent alternative forms of a gene at the same locus on a chromosome.
More than two alleles can result in various phenotypes for a trait.
Examples include rabbit coat color and the ABO blood type system in humans.

ABO Blood Type System

Blood types are determined by the presence of antigens (A and B) on red blood cells.
Allele IA produces antigen A, allele IB produces antigen B, and allele i produces no antigen.
Different genotypes result in blood types A, B, AB, and O, affecting immune system recognition.

Mitochondria Structure and Functions

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell and consist of outer and inner membranes, cristae, and matrix.
Main functions include cellular respiration, calcium storage and release, and synthesis of amino acids.
Maternal inheritance occurs via mitochondrial DNA, contributing to phenotype transmission.

Cytoplasmic Inheritance

Involves inheritance mechanisms through cytoplasmic organelles like mitochondria and plastids, leading to extra chromosomal inheritance.
Notable example: Kappa particles in paramecium, where one strain (killer) secretes a toxin affecting another strain (sensitive).
T.M. Sonneborn's study on Paramecium aurelia illustrates the transmission of traits from killer to sensitive strains through kappa particle presence.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your understanding of flower color inheritance in the F2 generation, focusing on phenotypic ratios and genotypic distributions. Explore the concepts of inhibitory gene action and pleiotropism as observed in different plant species. This quiz will help reinforce key genetics principles related to Mendelian inheritance.