L5 MCQ Genetics Quiz

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Which organism did Thomas Hunt Morgan use to prove the chromosome theory of heredity?

Fruit fly (correct)

Mouse

Human

Bacteria

What did Thomas Hunt Morgan notice about some genes that were considered 'linked'?

They were only found in females

They were only found in males

They were not inherited together (correct)

They were always inherited together

What did Sturtevant predict about genes on chromosomes?

Genes closely grouped on chromosomes were not separated by crossing over

Genes closely grouped on chromosomes were separated less frequently by crossing over (correct)

Genes closely grouped on chromosomes were inherited together

Genes closely grouped on chromosomes were separated more frequently by crossing over

What can we assume if related individuals with the same traits have a common haplotype?

The gene responsible for the shared trait is in that area Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using polymorphic markers for identifying common haplotypes?

To focus on a specific part of the genome Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the human nuclear genome is composed of noncoding sequences?

98% Signup and view all the answers

What are tandem repeats?

Series of nucleotides directly repeated Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tandem repeat has a length of repeat unit greater than 100 bp?

Satellite DNA Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tandem repeat is used in genetic linkage analysis to locate a gene or a mutation responsible for a given trait or disease?

Microsatellite DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of repeat unit typically for microsatellite DNA?

2-4 bp Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a haplotype?

A set of polymorphisms that are grouped tightly together on a single chromosome and tend to be inherited together through many generations Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using microsatellites as genetic markers?

To track haplotypes Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a haplotype and a haplogroup?

A haplotype refers to a set of polymorphisms that are grouped tightly together on a single chromosome, while a haplogroup is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor with a single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation Signup and view all the answers

How can linkage analysis be used in gene mapping?

To associate haplotypes with traits Signup and view all the answers

What is a gene?

A biological determinant of a Mendelian character (trait) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of crossing over in Meiosis I?

To create new combinations of alleles Signup and view all the answers

What are microsatellites?

Polymorphic repeat sequences Signup and view all the answers

What does a haplogroup represent?

A group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor with a single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between haplotypes and crossing over in Meiosis I?

Haplotypes are not separated by crossing over in Meiosis I Signup and view all the answers

What can be considered a DNA/genetic signature?

A haplotype Signup and view all the answers

What is the coefficient of relationship (COR) between full siblings?

50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the coefficient of inbreeding (COI) for a person with parents who are full siblings?

25% Signup and view all the answers

What is the allele frequency if 10% of 100 people are homozygous for allele R1 (20 copies), and 20% are heterozygous for allele R1 (20 copies)?

40% Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded about the deafness-associated locus and the OTOF gene?

The deafness-associated locus is linked to the OTOF gene. Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the definition of consanguineous marriage?

Marriage between two family members who are second cousins or closer Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the risk of autosomal recessive disorders associated with consanguineous marriage?

Increased risk Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what percentage of children have consanguineous parents?

5% Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the probability of having a child without a constitutional congenital defect in consanguineous marriage?

96% Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the most common pattern of inheritance for deafness?

Autosomal recessive Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of gene mapping in the context of hereditary deafness?

For family planning Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of molecular 'bar coding' of haplotypes using microsatellites?

To track hereditary diseases in consanguineous lineages Signup and view all the answers

What is the coefficient of relationship used for?

Determining the degree of relatedness between two individuals Signup and view all the answers

According to the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype in a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

2pq Signup and view all the answers

In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of allele 'A' is 0.3, what is the frequency of allele 'a'?

0.7 Signup and view all the answers

What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle state about allele and genotype frequencies in a population?

They remain constant from generation to generation Signup and view all the answers

In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of allele 'A' is 0.6, what is the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype?

0.48 Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 Signup and view all the answers

In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of allele 'A' is 0.4, what is the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype?

0.16 Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Alleles distribute randomly Signup and view all the answers