Podcast
Questions and Answers
A Punnett square is used to predict the probability of different outcomes from ______ crosses.
A Punnett square is used to predict the probability of different outcomes from ______ crosses.
monohybrid
Family tree diagrams are commonly used to trace the ______ of a specific characteristic through generations.
Family tree diagrams are commonly used to trace the ______ of a specific characteristic through generations.
inheritance
In a family tree, males are indicated by a ______ shape.
In a family tree, males are indicated by a ______ shape.
square
A family tree can help calculate the probability that someone will inherit a genetic ______.
A family tree can help calculate the probability that someone will inherit a genetic ______.
When filling out a Punnett square, you should always write the dominant allele ______ and the recessive allele second.
When filling out a Punnett square, you should always write the dominant allele ______ and the recessive allele second.
Affected individuals in a family tree are indicated by the color ______.
Affected individuals in a family tree are indicated by the color ______.
To represent alleles in a Punnett square, it's best to choose letters that are ______ different in appearance between capital and lower case.
To represent alleles in a Punnett square, it's best to choose letters that are ______ different in appearance between capital and lower case.
Punnett squares help determine the ______ chances of offspring displaying a specific characteristic.
Punnett squares help determine the ______ chances of offspring displaying a specific characteristic.
A ______ square diagram shows the possible combinations of alleles that could be produced in the offspring.
A ______ square diagram shows the possible combinations of alleles that could be produced in the offspring.
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a recessive allele, represented by the letter ______.
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a recessive allele, represented by the letter ______.
The probability of an offspring being tall from the genetic cross of two Tt plants is ______%.
The probability of an offspring being tall from the genetic cross of two Tt plants is ______%.
An individual with cystic fibrosis must be ______ recessive to exhibit the disorder.
An individual with cystic fibrosis must be ______ recessive to exhibit the disorder.
The chance of two carrier parents producing a child with cystic fibrosis is ______ in 4.
The chance of two carrier parents producing a child with cystic fibrosis is ______ in 4.
Polydactyly is an example of a genetic disorder that can be ______ from parents to offspring.
Polydactyly is an example of a genetic disorder that can be ______ from parents to offspring.
In the F2 generation of a cross between two Tt plants, the ratio of tall to short offspring was observed to be ______.
In the F2 generation of a cross between two Tt plants, the ratio of tall to short offspring was observed to be ______.
Individuals who are heterozygous for cystic fibrosis are known as ______.
Individuals who are heterozygous for cystic fibrosis are known as ______.
Monohybrid inheritance involves characteristics controlled by a single ______.
Monohybrid inheritance involves characteristics controlled by a single ______.
A Punnett square displays the possible combinations of ______ that could be produced in the offspring.
A Punnett square displays the possible combinations of ______ that could be produced in the offspring.
In a genetic cross, the dominant allele is represented by a ______ letter.
In a genetic cross, the dominant allele is represented by a ______ letter.
The term ‘pure breeding’ indicates that an individual is ______ for that characteristic.
The term ‘pure breeding’ indicates that an individual is ______ for that characteristic.
When two offspring from a genetic cross are bred together, they produce a range of ______ combinations.
When two offspring from a genetic cross are bred together, they produce a range of ______ combinations.
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Punnett Squares
- Predict the probability of different outcomes from monohybrid crosses.
- Fill in the middle four squares of the Punnett square to determine possible genetic combinations in offspring.
- You may be asked to calculate percentages or determine phenotypes.
Family Trees
- Used to trace inheritance patterns of specific characteristics, usually diseases, through generations.
- Males represented by squares, females by circles.
- Affected individuals are red, unaffected are blue.
- Horizontal lines indicate couples, with children shown underneath.
Predicting Probability
- A Punnett square shows possible allele combinations in offspring.
- It can be used to calculate ratios and probabilities of different phenotypes.
Inherited Disorders
- Some disorders are passed from parents to offspring.
- These disorders are caused by inheriting specific alleles.
- Examples include cystic fibrosis and polydactyly.
Cystic Fibrosis
- This is a genetic disorder of cell membranes.
- It results in thick, sticky mucus buildup in air passages.
- Caused by a recessive allele (f).
- Heterozygous individuals are carriers but not affected.
- Homozygous recessive individuals have the disorder.
Polydactyly
- This disorder is caused by a dominant allele.
- Individuals with at least one dominant allele will have extra fingers or toes.
Predicting Inheritance
- Monohybrid inheritance describes characteristics controlled by a single gene.
- A Punnett square is used to determine possible allele combinations in offspring.
- Dominant alleles are represented by capital letters, recessive by lowercase.
Example: Pea Plant Height
- Tall allele (T) is dominant, short allele (t) is recessive.
- A pure breeding short plant (tt) crossed with a pure breeding tall plant (TT) will produce all tall offspring (Tt).
- When two Tt offspring are crossed, the possible combinations are TT, Tt, and tt.
- The offspring genotypes will show a 3:1 ratio of tall to short.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
