Genetics - Principles of Heredity Quiz

<p>AB blood group</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From his mother only</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A, B, AB, and O</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wavy hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two recessive alleles on both X chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Males have only one X chromosome and no second X to provide a dominant allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemophilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not show the trait but are carriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals who do not show the trait but can pass it to offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The genetic makeup of the organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One allele can completely mask the effect of another</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The expected ratios of possible genotypes in offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alleles for each gene separate so that each gamete carries one allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The physical appearance or characteristic of an organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'B' is the dominant allele leading to a brown phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using a family pedigree chart</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Principle of Independent Assortment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The entire set of genes in an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>46 chromosomes in total.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both alleles of a gene are the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is always expressed regardless of the presence of other alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific site on a chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alternative forms of a gene found at a specific locus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are only expressed in a homozygous condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two different alleles for a gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suppresses the expression of alternate alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates the position of a gene on a chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It possesses one dominant and one recessive allele.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>44</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two copies of itself in the genotype.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are alternative forms of a gene located at the same locus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The set of all DNA sequences, including genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemophilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All female offspring will express the trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Males</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They show the trait if the recessive allele is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They will not display the trait but can pass it on</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alleles for each gene segregate so that each gamete carries only one allele.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is always expressed when present, masking the effect of recessive alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for alleles for one trait to segregate independently of another trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The expected ratios of possible genotypes in offspring from two parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each trait is influenced by both genetic alleles and environmental conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Family pedigree</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By a combination of genetic makeup and environmental influences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenotype is influenced by both genotype and environmental interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incomplete Dominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both dominant traits appear simultaneously in the phenotype.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influenced by the interaction of two or more genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A variable number of phenotypes based on combinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Males inherit their X-linked genes solely from the mother.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood type with A, B, O, and AB alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They represent a range of phenotypes influenced by multiple genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exhibit a blend phenotype distinct from either parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype is the physical appearance resulting from the interaction of genotype with the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Principle of Dominance states that one allele can mask the expression of another, meaning a dominant allele will determine the phenotype over a recessive allele.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Principle of Segregation states that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene because the alleles segregate during meiosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Punnett square is used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring from two parents by illustrating the combination of their alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Principle of Independent Assortment states that alleles for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation, leading to genetic variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A family pedigree can show how a trait is passed down through generations, indicating inheritance patterns and carriers of certain genetic traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A trait is a genetically determined characteristic of an individual, such as eye color, which can be influenced by specific alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dominant alleles can mask the expression of recessive alleles in the phenotype, meaning the presence of a dominant allele typically determines the observable trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The genotype indicating a female carrier is XXC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Males have only one X chromosome, so if they inherit the recessive allele, they will express the disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A homozygous female has two copies of the recessive allele (XcXc), meaning she will express the trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The genotype of an affected male is XcY, where Xc represents the recessive allele.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unaffected carriers can be identified as individuals who have affected offspring but do not exhibit the trait themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homozygous genotypes have two identical alleles (e.g., TT or tt), while heterozygous genotypes have two different alleles (e.g., Tt).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dominant alleles mask the expression of recessive alleles, meaning that a dominant trait will appear in the phenotype even if only one dominant allele is present. Recessive alleles only express their traits when in a homozygous condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One allele is inherited from the father and one from the mother, determining the genotype of the offspring. This inheritance occurs at specific loci on chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A locus refers to the specific physical location or position of a gene on a chromosome. Each gene has a fixed position within the genome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The genome is the complete set of genetic material, consisting of all the genes and associated DNA sequences in an organism. It governs the biological traits and functions of the organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incomplete inheritance results in a phenotype that is intermediate, while co-dominance showcases both traits simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ABO blood group system is determined by three alleles: A, B, and O, leading to four possible blood types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A recessive allele expresses its trait only when an individual has two copies of that allele (homozygous condition). If paired with a dominant allele, the recessive trait will not be observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes are structures that organize and package DNA; humans have 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs, crucial for the accurate transmission of genetic information. They ensure proper segregation of alleles during gamete formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polygenic inheritance involves multiple genes influencing a single trait; an example is skin color, governed by several genes and alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans typically possess 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs, with 44 somatic chromosomes and 2 sex chromosomes. The number and arrangement are crucial for genetic stability and the proper function of inheritance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sex chromosomes determine the inheritance patterns of sex-linked traits, with males receiving X-linked genes solely from their mothers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Co-dominance occurs when both alleles are fully expressed; an example is the AB blood group where both A and B antigens are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple alleles increase genetic diversity by providing more options for phenotypes and genotypes within a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polygenic trait is influenced by multiple genes, which creates a range of phenotypes, making them more complex than traits controlled by a single gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Males are more likely to express X-linked recessive traits due to having only one X chromosome, while females may be carriers if they have one affected X chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Males have only one X chromosome, so if they inherit an affected allele, they will express the disorder, while females require two affected alleles to exhibit the trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carriers have the genotype XXC, while females that express the trait are homozygous with the genotype XcXc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>You can identify them by observing if any children exhibit the trait despite both parents being unaffected, indicating that both parents must be carriers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The male will express the trait associated with the Xc allele because he has no second X chromosome to counteract the recessive allele.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Males express the disorder with just one affected X chromosome, while females require two affected X chromosomes to show the same disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homozygous genotypes contain two identical alleles (e.g., TT or tt), while heterozygous genotypes have two different alleles (e.g., Tt).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The locus is the specific location on a chromosome where a gene is found, determining the gene's position and function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dominant allele masks the expression of a recessive allele when present, leading to the dominant trait being displayed in the phenotype.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes are structures made of DNA that contain genes, which are segments of DNA that code for specific traits, while alleles are different forms of a gene found at the same locus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organism described as homozygous recessive has two identical recessive alleles for a trait (e.g., tt), meaning the recessive trait will be expressed in the phenotype.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, such as 'Bb' for eye color, while phenotype is the external appearance, such as having brown eyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Principle of Dominance states that one allele can mask the expression of another, with the dominant allele overpowering the recessive one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Principle of Segregation states that during gamete formation, allele pairs separate so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The genome is the complete set of genetic material, including all of an organism's genes, within its chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Punnett square is significant because it allows the prediction of possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from parental genotypes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Principle of Independent Assortment contributes to genetic variation by stating that alleles for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sex chromosomes determine an individual's sex (X and Y), while somatic chromosomes make up the remaining pairs (44 in humans) that govern other traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alleles are versions of genes that contribute to the determination of traits by influencing the phenotype based on their dominant or recessive nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A family pedigree is useful as it visually represents the inheritance patterns of traits across generations, helping to identify genetic disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dominant alleles express their traits even when only one is present, while recessive alleles require two copies to manifest in the phenotype.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'RR' indicates that the organism is homozygous dominant for that trait, meaning it carries two dominant alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A wavy hair phenotype results from incomplete dominance, where both straight and curly hair traits influence the outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In co-dominance, both traits are fully expressed in the phenotype, while in incomplete dominance, a third, intermediate phenotype appears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin color is typically governed by the interaction of six genes and at least twelve alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple alleles allow for four distinct phenotypes (A, B, AB, O) from three alleles (A, B, and O), with A and B being dominant and O recessive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Males receive all their X-linked genes from their mother, making them more likely to express X-linked recessive traits since they have only one X chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The X chromosome carries many important genes unrelated to sex determination, influencing various traits beyond just sex-linked characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polygenic traits are influenced by the interaction of multiple genes, resulting in a continuous range of phenotypes, unlike single gene traits which have discrete categories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pedigree chart visually represents inheritance patterns, showing whether traits are passed through generations predominantly in one gender, indicative of X-linked traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>carriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>characteristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>genotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Punnett</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Independent Assortment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pedigree</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>intermediate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dominant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>multiple</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AB</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>XX</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>heredity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>identical</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dominant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>locus</p> Signup and view all the answers