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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of meiosis in genetics?
What is the primary function of meiosis in genetics?
Which term describes the observable characteristics of an organism?
Which term describes the observable characteristics of an organism?
In which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
In which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
What does Mendel’s law of segregation state?
What does Mendel’s law of segregation state?
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Which of the following best describes a dominant allele?
Which of the following best describes a dominant allele?
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Gregor Mendel is known for his work with which type of plant?
Gregor Mendel is known for his work with which type of plant?
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What does the term homozygous mean in genetics?
What does the term homozygous mean in genetics?
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What process is described as physically exchanging segments of DNA between homologous chromosomes?
What process is described as physically exchanging segments of DNA between homologous chromosomes?
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What condition must be met for a recessive allele to be expressed in an individual?
What condition must be met for a recessive allele to be expressed in an individual?
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In which inheritance pattern are both alleles in a heterozygous individual expressed?
In which inheritance pattern are both alleles in a heterozygous individual expressed?
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Which genetic cross examines the inheritance of two traits?
Which genetic cross examines the inheritance of two traits?
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What term describes the inheritance pattern when multiple genes affect a single trait?
What term describes the inheritance pattern when multiple genes affect a single trait?
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How is genetic variation within a species defined?
How is genetic variation within a species defined?
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What distribution shape is typically observed in discrete traits due to the influence of many genes?
What distribution shape is typically observed in discrete traits due to the influence of many genes?
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Which of the following best describes incomplete dominance?
Which of the following best describes incomplete dominance?
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What is a characteristic of species variation?
What is a characteristic of species variation?
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Study Notes
Genetics
- Genetics is the study of inheritance of traits.
- Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
- A trait is a characteristic of an individual.
- A gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein.
- An allele is a different version of a gene.
- Mitosis and meiosis are processes of cell division for genetic material separation.
- Meiosis involves two divisions (Meiosis I and Meiosis II).
- Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis.
- Crossing over/recombination involves exchange of DNA segments between homologous chromosomes.
- Meiosis produces haploid gametes (sex cells).
- Phenotype is observable traits, e.g., eye color, hair color.
- Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism (represented by alleles).
- Dominant allele determines phenotype in heterozygous individuals.
- Recessive allele determines phenotype only in homozygous individuals.
- Homozygous: having two identical alleles for a gene.
- Heterozygous: having two different alleles for a gene.
- Gregor Mendel is considered the father of genetics.
- Pea plants were used by Mendel in experiments due to their ease of manipulation, large numbers and low cost.
- Punnett squares are used to predict the outcome of crosses between individuals.
- Mendel's Law of Segregation: alleles of each gene separate during gamete formation.
- Dominant allele expresses its trait even in heterozygous individuals.
- Recessive allele expresses only when homozygous.
- Incomplete dominance: Heterozygous phenotype is a blend of homozygous parental phenotypes.
- Complete dominance: Dominant allele entirely masks recessive allele's effect.
- Monohybrid cross: examines inheritance of one trait
- Dihybrid cross: examines inheritance of two traits.
- Codominance: both alleles in a heterozygous individual are fully expressed (e.g., blood types).
- Multiple alleles: when three or more alleles for a gene exist in a population.
- Polygenic inheritance: multiple genes affect a single trait (e.g., height, skin color).
- Discrete traits: traits influenced by one gene and have distinct phenotypes.
- Species variation is differences in species, behavior, physical and genetic characteristics.
Species Variation and Adaptation
- Species is a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
- Species variation helps in adaptation.
- Genetic variation is influenced by the environment (e.g., food resources, predators, weather).
- Polygenic inheritance is an example of species variation (e.g., skin color).
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of genetics! This quiz covers key concepts such as heredity, traits, genes, alleles, and the processes of mitosis and meiosis. Understand the differences between phenotypes and genotypes, along with the implications of dominant and recessive alleles.
