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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a centromere within a chromosome?
What is the primary function of a centromere within a chromosome?
- To facilitate crossing over during meiosis.
- To link sister chromatids together. (correct)
- To carry genetic information.
- To determine the sex of an organism.
Which term accurately describes a cell containing only a single set of chromosomes?
Which term accurately describes a cell containing only a single set of chromosomes?
- Haploid (correct)
- Diploid
- Tetrad
- Somatic
What is the fundamental principle described by the Law of Segregation?
What is the fundamental principle described by the Law of Segregation?
- Alleles separate during gamete formation. (correct)
- Genes located close together on a chromosome are always inherited together.
- Traits are inherited characteristics that are controlled by several genes.
- Homologous chromosomes pair up during meiosis.
If a gene is located on the X chromosome, which statement most accurately describes how it is inherited?
If a gene is located on the X chromosome, which statement most accurately describes how it is inherited?
What is the outcome of crossing over during meiosis?
What is the outcome of crossing over during meiosis?
Flashcards
Alleles
Alleles
Different forms of a gene. For example, a gene for eye color might have alleles for blue, brown, or green eyes.
Gametes
Gametes
Sex cells (sperm or egg) that carry half the number of chromosomes.
Chromosome
Chromosome
A structure that carries genetic information in the form of genes.
Homologs
Homologs
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Tetrad
Tetrad
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Study Notes
Alleles
- Different versions of a gene.
Gametes
- Sex cells.
Somatic Cells
- Body cells.
Chromosome
- Carries genetic information in the form of genes.
Chromatid
- One of two identical parts of a duplicated chromosome.
Centromere
- Connects a pair of sister chromatids.
Homologs
- Matching chromosomes that are similar but not identical.
Tetrad
- Structure containing four chromatids.
Fertilization
- The fusion of two haploid gametes.
Haploid
- Cell containing a single set of chromosomes.
Diploid
- Cell containing two sets of chromosomes.
Law of Segregation
- Two alleles for a gene separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.
Sex-Linked Inheritance
- Traits determined by genes located on sex chromosomes.
X-Linked Traits
- More common in males than females due to X chromosome presence in males.
Linked Genes
- Genes located close to each other on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together.
Crossing Over
- The exchange of portions of chromatids between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
Mendelian Traits
- Traits controlled by a single gene with two alleles.
Mitochondrial Inheritance
- Mitochondria are inherited maternally; all offspring receive mitochondrial DNA from their mother.
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