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Genetics Overview: Genes, Chromosomes, Genome, Nucleoid

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Genetics Overview: Genes, Chromosomes, Genome, Nucleoid

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of genetics?

Understanding how genes are replicated (correct)

Investigating the physical carriers of hereditary information

Studying the structure of chromosomes

Exploring the structure of nucleoids

What are genes composed of?

Histone-like proteins

Ribosomal RNA

Nucleotides (correct)

Plasmids

How is the genome defined?

The hereditary information contained in chromosomes

The entire genetic information in a cell including chromosomes and plasmids (correct)

The genetic information in a cell excluding plasmids

The DNA found within ribosomes

What is the function of nucleoids in a bacterial cell?

To maintain DNA supercoiling Signup and view all the answers

How is DNA accessibility for replication or transcription achieved in E. coli cells?

By making nicks in single strands to relax supercoiling Signup and view all the answers

Based on the Genetic Map of E. coli Chromosome, what shape is usually associated with the bacterial chromosome?

Circular Signup and view all the answers

What does the distance between genes in e.coli indicate?

The level of gene clustering in the genome Signup and view all the answers

Why does every gene in e.coli require a promoter for transcription?

To initiate the synthesis of a complementary mRNA strand Signup and view all the answers

In e.coli, what is the main reason for the absence of introns in the genome?

To make every part of the genome useful Signup and view all the answers

What role does a promoter play in gene expression?

Binding RNA polymerase for transcription initiation Signup and view all the answers

Why do genes that are closer together in e.coli take less time to transfer during conjugation?

Due to the presence of short tandem repeats (STR) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the direction of transcription in prokaryotes?

Promoter sequence on DNA Signup and view all the answers