Genetics Overview: Genes, Chromosomes, Genome, Nucleoid

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of genetics?

  • Understanding how genes are replicated (correct)
  • Investigating the physical carriers of hereditary information
  • Studying the structure of chromosomes
  • Exploring the structure of nucleoids

What are genes composed of?

  • Histone-like proteins
  • Ribosomal RNA
  • Nucleotides (correct)
  • Plasmids

How is the genome defined?

  • The hereditary information contained in chromosomes
  • The entire genetic information in a cell including chromosomes and plasmids (correct)
  • The genetic information in a cell excluding plasmids
  • The DNA found within ribosomes

What is the function of nucleoids in a bacterial cell?

<p>To maintain DNA supercoiling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is DNA accessibility for replication or transcription achieved in E. coli cells?

<p>By making nicks in single strands to relax supercoiling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the Genetic Map of E. coli Chromosome, what shape is usually associated with the bacterial chromosome?

<p>Circular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the distance between genes in e.coli indicate?

<p>The level of gene clustering in the genome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does every gene in e.coli require a promoter for transcription?

<p>To initiate the synthesis of a complementary mRNA strand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In e.coli, what is the main reason for the absence of introns in the genome?

<p>To make every part of the genome useful (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a promoter play in gene expression?

<p>Binding RNA polymerase for transcription initiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do genes that are closer together in e.coli take less time to transfer during conjugation?

<p>Due to the presence of short tandem repeats (STR) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the direction of transcription in prokaryotes?

<p>Promoter sequence on DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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