Bacterial Genetics and Genome Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the average length of the bacterial chromosome?

  • 6000-7000 Kbp
  • 2000-3000 Kbp
  • 4000-5000 Kbp (correct)
  • 1000-2000 Kbp

Where is the DNA concentrated in a bacterial cell?

  • In the nucleus
  • In the cytoplasm as nucleoid region (correct)
  • In the mitochondria
  • In the endoplasmic reticulum

What holds the two strands of the bacterial chromosome together?

  • Ionic bonds
  • Covalent bonds
  • Hydrogen bonds (A-T) or (C-G) (correct)
  • Van der Waals forces

What enzyme separates the two strands of the bacterial chromosome during DNA replication?

<p>Helicase (D)</p>
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What is a segment of DNA that carries information for a specific function called?

<p>Gene (B)</p>
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What is the function of resistance plasmids in bacterial cells?

<p>Help the bacterial cell defend against environmental factors such as poisons or antibiotics (B)</p>
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What is the role of conjugative plasmids in bacterial reproduction?

<p>Assist in the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells (A)</p>
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What is the mechanism of gene transfer involved in conjugation?

<p>Transfer of a plasmid or chromosomal DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell via direct contact by a conjugation pilus (B)</p>
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What is the characteristic feature of relaxed replicating plasmids?

<p>Can replicate in the absence of protein synthesis (A)</p>
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How do bacteria defend against environmental factors such as poisons or antibiotics?

<p>Resistance plasmids (C)</p>
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Who developed the first relatively safe and effective antibiotics isolated from microorganisms?

<p>Sir Alexander Fleming (B)</p>
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What did Robert Koch and his colleagues develop in the field of microbiology?

<p>Technique for obtaining pure culture of colonies of bacteria and fungi (B)</p>
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Which branch of microbiology is concerned with studying parasites like protozoa and helminths?

<p>Parasitology (D)</p>
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Which branch of microbiology is concerned with the study of viruses?

<p>Virology (D)</p>
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What did Paul Ehrlich synthesize in the field of microbiology?

<p>The first successful but very toxic drug against syphilis-disease (C)</p>
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What is microbiology?

<p>The study of small living things that cannot be seen with the naked eye (C)</p>
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Who made the first useful microscopes and was the first to observe and describe single-celled organisms?

<p>Antony van Leeuwenhoek (A)</p>
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What is the characteristic of microorganisms described in the text?

<p>Their size is very small (B)</p>
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Who improved the design of Leeuwenhoek's microscope and saw details of the structure of plant cells and some microbes?

<p>Robert Hooke (D)</p>
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What was humans' early understanding of the link between microbes and disease in the context of spontaneous generation?

<p>Microbes were thought to spontaneously generate from non-living material (D)</p>
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