Genetics: Mutations

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Questions and Answers

What is a mutation in genetics?

A change in the DNA at a particular Locus in an organism (correct)

A change in the sequence of amino acids

A change in the structure of a protein

A change in the function of a gene

At what level does a mutation occur?

Tissue level

Cellular level

Molecular level (correct)

Organism level

What is affected by a mutation?

The DNA at a particular Locus (correct)

The sequence of amino acids

The structure of a protein

The function of a gene

What is changed in a mutation?

The DNA at a particular Locus Signup and view all the answers

Where does a mutation occur in an organism?

In a particular Locus Signup and view all the answers

What is Turner syndrome classified as?

Primary hypogonadism in phenotypic females Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic defect that causes Turner syndrome?

Complete or partial monosomy of the short arm of X-chromosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the karyotype of Turner syndrome?

45, X0 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Turner syndrome on the affected individual?

Infertility in females Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Turner syndrome?

Trisomy of chromosome 21 Signup and view all the answers

What is the Rh system based on?

The absence or presence of a certain antigen on the red blood cell membrane surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common scenario in the Rh system?

Having the Rhesus antigen and no antibodies against it Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the Rhesus antigen is present on the red blood cell membrane?

The blood cell will be Rh positive and have no antibodies against the Rhesus antigen Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the Rh system?

The D antigen system Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether a person is Rh positive or Rh negative?

The presence or absence of a certain antigen on the red blood cell membrane surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of Trisomy 21?

Chromosomal disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is Trisomy 21 also known as?

Down syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What type of disorder is Trisomy 21 classified as?

4-Miscellaneous disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Trisomy 21?

It is the most common chromosomal disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Trisomy 21?

It is caused by a single gene mutation Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in genetic engineering?

Isolate the gene Signup and view all the answers

Which step comes after inserting the gene in a host?

Produce as many copies of the host as possible Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of step 4 in genetic engineering?

To separate and purify the product of the gene Signup and view all the answers

What comes before producing as many copies of the host as possible?

Insert it in a host using a vector Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the basic steps in genetic engineering?

Isolate the gene, insert it in a host, produce as many copies, separate and purify Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Genetics

Mutation: a change in the DNA at a particular locus in an organism.

Genetic Syndromes

Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome): the most common chromosomal disorder.
Turner syndrome (45,X0): a primary hypogonadism in phenotypic females, resulting from partial or complete monosomy of the short arm of the X-chromosome.

Blood Type Systems

Rh system (Rhesus) or D antigen: based on the presence or absence of a certain antigen on the red blood cell membrane surface.
If the antigen is present, the blood cell is Rh positive and has no antibodies against it (most common scenario).

Genetic Engineering

Basic steps:
- Isolate the gene
- Insert it in a host using a vector
- Produce as many copies of the host as possible
- Separate and purify the product of the gene