Genetics Mutations Quiz

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What is the primary function of oncogenes in the context of cancer development?

Promote the growth of cancer cells (correct)
Activate the immune response against cancer cells
Suppress the proliferation of cancer cells
Repair damaged DNA in cancer cells

How do tumor-suppressor genes contribute to preventing cancer development?

They promote mutations in cancer cells
They repair damaged DNA in cancer cells
They inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells (correct)
They stimulate the growth of cancer cells

Which gene is commonly associated with retinoblastoma, a tumor of the retina?

BRCA1 gene
RB1 gene (correct)
BRAF gene
p53 gene

What happens when tumor-suppressor genes are inactivated by mutation?

It increases the likelihood of cancer development (D) Signup and view all the answers

In individuals with inherited retinoblastoma, when does the disease typically occur?

In the early years of life (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of genes are proto-oncogenes before they undergo mutation?

Responsible for basic cellular functions in normal cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which gene facilitates apoptosis by promoting programmed cell death?

p53 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of tumor-suppressor genes when functioning normally?

Inhibiting cancer development (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins fall into the category of maintaining genome integrity as tumor-suppressor genes?

Retinoblastoma protein (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to tumor-suppressor genes when they lose their ability to inhibit cancer?

They become oncogenes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins control the cell cycle by regulating the G1-to-S transition?

CDKs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the spindle assembly checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Ensuring proper chromosome alignment during mitosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the predisposition for developing cancer often a result of?

Being heterozygous for tumor-suppressor genes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the phenomenon where cancer results from the loss of the normal copy of a gene?

Loss of heterozygosity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which gene is NOT listed among the examples of tumor-suppressor genes in the text?

RET (A) Signup and view all the answers

Inherited forms of cancer most commonly involve defects in which type of genes?

Tumor-suppressor genes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does LOH stand for in the context of cancer development?

Loss of Heterozygosity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of a tumor-suppressor gene in the text?

RET (D) Signup and view all the answers

Oncogenes

Genes that promote uncontrolled cell growth, leading to cancer development.

Tumor-suppressor Genes

Genes that normally suppress the growth of cancer cells by regulating the cell cycle and promoting apoptosis.

RB1 Gene

A gene associated with retinoblastoma, a tumor of the retina. Mutations in this gene can disrupt cell cycle regulation, leading to uncontrolled cell growth.

Inactivated Tumor-suppressor Genes

When a tumor-suppressor gene is inactivated by a mutation, it loses its ability to control cell growth, increasing the risk of cancer development.