18 Questions
What is the primary function of oncogenes in the context of cancer development?
Promote the growth of cancer cells
How do tumor-suppressor genes contribute to preventing cancer development?
They inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells
Which gene is commonly associated with retinoblastoma, a tumor of the retina?
RB1 gene
What happens when tumor-suppressor genes are inactivated by mutation?
It increases the likelihood of cancer development
In individuals with inherited retinoblastoma, when does the disease typically occur?
In the early years of life
What type of genes are proto-oncogenes before they undergo mutation?
Responsible for basic cellular functions in normal cells
Which gene facilitates apoptosis by promoting programmed cell death?
p53
What is the main effect of tumor-suppressor genes when functioning normally?
Inhibiting cancer development
Which proteins fall into the category of maintaining genome integrity as tumor-suppressor genes?
Retinoblastoma protein
What happens to tumor-suppressor genes when they lose their ability to inhibit cancer?
They become oncogenes
Which proteins control the cell cycle by regulating the G1-to-S transition?
CDKs
What is the main role of the spindle assembly checkpoint in the cell cycle?
Ensuring proper chromosome alignment during mitosis
What is the predisposition for developing cancer often a result of?
Being heterozygous for tumor-suppressor genes
Which term describes the phenomenon where cancer results from the loss of the normal copy of a gene?
Loss of heterozygosity
Which gene is NOT listed among the examples of tumor-suppressor genes in the text?
RET
Inherited forms of cancer most commonly involve defects in which type of genes?
Tumor-suppressor genes
What does LOH stand for in the context of cancer development?
Loss of Heterozygosity
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of a tumor-suppressor gene in the text?
RET
Test your knowledge about mutations in genetics with questions based on Figure 16.12a part 1, Figure 16.12a part 2, Figure 16.12b, and Table 16.6 from Pierce Essentials: Concepts and Connections, Fourth Edition.
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