Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of chromosomal mutation involves a transfer of genetic material between two non-homologous chromosomes?
Which type of chromosomal mutation involves a transfer of genetic material between two non-homologous chromosomes?
What type of gene mutation involves a substitution in the amino acid of a protein?
What type of gene mutation involves a substitution in the amino acid of a protein?
In which chromosomal mutation does a part of a chromosome become longer due to an extra segment attached to it?
In which chromosomal mutation does a part of a chromosome become longer due to an extra segment attached to it?
What is the result of frameshift mutation?
What is the result of frameshift mutation?
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Which type of gene mutation involves a stop codon being added to prevent the effect of a substitution in protein production?
Which type of gene mutation involves a stop codon being added to prevent the effect of a substitution in protein production?
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In which chromosomal mutation does a part of a chromosome attach in reverse orientation?
In which chromosomal mutation does a part of a chromosome attach in reverse orientation?
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What result is seen in non-homologous chromosomes due to non-disjunction?
What result is seen in non-homologous chromosomes due to non-disjunction?
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Study Notes
Mutations
- Mutations occur due to incorrect pairing of bases during the replication process.
- Mutations can also occur due to external factors, known as mutagens.
Chromosomes
- Chromosomes are thread-like structures composed of protein and a single molecule of DNA.
- They serve to carry genomic information from cell to cell.
Genes
- Genes are the basic physical and functional units of heredity.
- Genes are made up of DNA and act as instructions to make proteins.
Types of Mutations
Chromosomal Mutations
- Affect the structure or number of chromosomes.
- Types of chromosomal mutations: • Deletion: a part of a chromosome is deleted, making it shorter than normal. • Example: William-Beuren Syndrome • Duplication: a part of a chromosome becomes longer due to an extra segment. • Example: Down Syndrome • Translocation: a transfer of genetic material between two non-homologous chromosomes. • Example: Leukemia • Inversion: a part of a chromosome is attached in reverse orientation. • Example: Hemophilia • Nondisjunction: the chromosomes that make up a pair fail to separate, resulting in an unequal number of chromosomes in the cell. • Example: Turner Syndrome
Gene Mutations
- Affect the nucleotide sequence in a gene.
- Types of gene mutations: • Point Mutation: replacement of a nucleotide. • Affects a gamete or sex cell, causing a disorder that can be transmitted to the next generation. • Missense Mutation: substitution in the amino acid of a protein. • Example: Sickle Cell Anemia • Nonsense Mutation: a stop codon is added to prevent the effect of a substitution in protein production. • Example: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy • Frameshift Mutation: deletion or insertion of one or few nucleotide pairs in DNA. • Example: Cystic Fibrosis
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Description
Test your understanding of genetics and mutations with this quiz. Learn about mutations caused by incorrect pairing of bases, mutagens, chromosomes, and genes which are the basic unit of heredity. Explore the two types of mutations: chromosomal mutations and gene mutations.
