Podcast
Questions and Answers
In genetics, what distinguishes an allele from a gene?
In genetics, what distinguishes an allele from a gene?
- A gene is a reproductive cell, while an allele is a structural component of DNA.
- A gene is the outward appearance or characteristic, while an allele is responsible for the phenotype.
- An allele is the physical location of a gene on a chromosome.
- An allele represents a specific version of a gene, while a gene is a unit of hereditary material. (correct)
How do autosomal and sex-linked disorders differ in their inheritance patterns?
How do autosomal and sex-linked disorders differ in their inheritance patterns?
- Autosomal disorders are located on non-sex chromosomes, while sex-linked disorders are located on sex chromosomes. (correct)
- Sex-linked disorders are located on autosomes and affect both sexes equally, while autosomal disorders are on sex chromosomes.
- Autosomal disorders are only expressed in males, while sex-linked disorders are expressed in females.
- Autosomal disorders require only one affected allele for expression while sex-linked require two.
If a genetic disorder is autosomal recessive, what must be true of the parents of an affected individual?
If a genetic disorder is autosomal recessive, what must be true of the parents of an affected individual?
- Only one parent must have the disorder.
- Both parents must have the disorder.
- One parent must have the disorder, and the other must be a carrier.
- Both parents must be carriers of at least one affected allele. (correct)
What genetic scenario would result in a child inheriting an autosomal dominant disorder?
What genetic scenario would result in a child inheriting an autosomal dominant disorder?
What is the key difference between a haploid and a diploid cell in terms of chromosome number?
What is the key difference between a haploid and a diploid cell in terms of chromosome number?
How does the concept of dominant and recessive alleles explain why some individuals can be carriers of a genetic disorder without expressing it?
How does the concept of dominant and recessive alleles explain why some individuals can be carriers of a genetic disorder without expressing it?
How does the relationship between genotype and phenotype relate to the expression of genetic traits?
How does the relationship between genotype and phenotype relate to the expression of genetic traits?
What is the role of chromosomes in heredity?
What is the role of chromosomes in heredity?
How would you describe a homozygous individual?
How would you describe a homozygous individual?
Which process results in gametes that are haploid?
Which process results in gametes that are haploid?
Flashcards
Gametes
Gametes
Reproductive cells or sex cells
Chromosomes
Chromosomes
Structures of DNA tightly coiled around proteins.
Gene
Gene
A unit of hereditary material
Allele
Allele
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Phenotype
Phenotype
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Genotype
Genotype
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Homozygous
Homozygous
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Heterozygous
Heterozygous
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Dominant
Dominant
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Recessive
Recessive
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Study Notes
- The study of genetics includes several key concepts.
Common Genetics Terms
- Gametes are reproductive or sex cells.
- Chromosomes are DNA structures tightly coiled around proteins.
- A gene is a unit of hereditary material.
- Alleles are different versions of a gene.
- Phenotype is the outward appearance or characteristics of an organism based on its genes, such as having red hair.
- Genotype is responsible for the phenotype.
- Homozygous refers to having 2 of the same alleles.
- Heterozygous refers to having 2 different alleles.
- A dominant allele influences the phenotype.
- A recessive allele is not expressed in the phenotype.
- Haploid refers to one set of chromosomes and is found in egg and sperm cells.
- Diploid refers to two sets of chromosomes.
Autosomal Recessive vs. Autosomal Dominance
- Common autosomal disorders, which occur on autosomes (non-sex chromosomes):
- Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
- Huntington's Disease (HD)
- Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)
- Sex-linked disorders occur on sex chromosomes, such as hemophilia.
- In autosomal recessive inheritance, sufferers must inherit two alleles to have the disorder, with healthy being dominant and the disorder being recessive.
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- Examples of autosomal recessive disorders include sickle cell disease, phenylketonuria (PKU), cystic fibrosis, and albinism.
- In autosomal dominant inheritance, sufferers only need to inherit one allele to have the disorder, with the disorder being dominant and healthy being recessive.
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- Examples of autosomal dominant disorders include Huntington's disease (HD) and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).
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