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Questions and Answers
Inbreeding depression is mainly associated with a decline in:
Inbreeding depression is mainly associated with a decline in:
What is the main difference between linebreeding and intensive inbreeding?
What is the main difference between linebreeding and intensive inbreeding?
What effect does inbreeding have on the number of pairs of genes existing in the homozygous state?
What effect does inbreeding have on the number of pairs of genes existing in the homozygous state?
Which situation would lead to a higher rate of homozygosity due to inbreeding?
Which situation would lead to a higher rate of homozygosity due to inbreeding?
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What is not increased by inbreeding in a population?
What is not increased by inbreeding in a population?
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In terms of genetic effects, what is a common consequence of intense inbreeding?
In terms of genetic effects, what is a common consequence of intense inbreeding?
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What is the term for mating of unrelated animals within the same breed or from two different lines of the same breed?
What is the term for mating of unrelated animals within the same breed or from two different lines of the same breed?
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What is the least common form of outbreeding due to animals from different species normally not interbreeding?
What is the least common form of outbreeding due to animals from different species normally not interbreeding?
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Which mating practice involves the mating of purebred sires to commercial grade females?
Which mating practice involves the mating of purebred sires to commercial grade females?
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What effect does outbreeding have on the proportion of genes that are homozygous?
What effect does outbreeding have on the proportion of genes that are homozygous?
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When unrelated animals are mated, what advantage is observed in their progeny?
When unrelated animals are mated, what advantage is observed in their progeny?
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What defines a situation where two animals do not share a common ancestor for at least 5 generations?
What defines a situation where two animals do not share a common ancestor for at least 5 generations?
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What is one of the adverse effects of inbreeding mentioned in the text?
What is one of the adverse effects of inbreeding mentioned in the text?
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How do recessive genes primarily contribute to the adverse effects of inbreeding?
How do recessive genes primarily contribute to the adverse effects of inbreeding?
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What is a practical use of inbreeding mentioned in the text?
What is a practical use of inbreeding mentioned in the text?
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Why are more pairs of recessive genes expected to occur among inbred animals?
Why are more pairs of recessive genes expected to occur among inbred animals?
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What type of genes contribute significantly to inbreeding depression according to the text?
What type of genes contribute significantly to inbreeding depression according to the text?
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How can inbreeding be beneficial when used in conjunction with selection?
How can inbreeding be beneficial when used in conjunction with selection?
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Study Notes
Inbreeding
- The more closely related the parents, the more inbred the offspring will be.
- Intensive inbreeding involves mating of closely related animals that can be traced to more than one common ancestor.
- Linebreeding is a type of inbreeding where relatives are chosen due to a particular common ancestor to incorporate as many genes as possible from a superior ancestor.
Genetic Effect of Inbreeding
- Inbreeding increases the number of pairs of genes that exist in the homozygous state.
- The rate of homozygosity increase depends on the closeness of relationship between parents.
Consequences of Homozygosity
- Inbreeding does not increase the number of recessive alleles in the population, but increases homozygosity regardless of phenotypic expression.
- Inbreeding is often associated with a decline in performance and vigor, and occasional appearance of genetic defects in animals (inbreeding depression).
Phenotypic Effects of Inbreeding
- Inbreeding can lead to stillbirth, mummification, reduced fertility, increased deaths, susceptibility to disease, and slower growth rates due to recessive genes.
Outbreeding
- Outbreeding increases the proportion of genes that are heterozygous and reduces the proportion that are homozygous.
- Categories of outbreeding include linecrossing, breedcrossing, grading up, species cross, and random mating.
Genetic Effect of Outbreeding
- Crossbreeding generally results in a more rapid increase in heterozygosity because the breeds are less likely to be related to one another.
Phenotypic Effect of Outbreeding
- When unrelated animals are mated, their progeny tend to perform better due to hybrid vigor or heterosis.
Uses of Inbreeding
- Inbreeding can be used along with selection to uncover and eliminate detrimental recessive genes.
- It can increase homozygosity of favorable genes, and the best-performing animals can be retained for breeding purposes.
- Inbreeding can be used to produce inbred lines for outcrossing programs, and benefits can be obtained when used in conjunction with selection.
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Description
Learn about the concepts of inbreeding and linebreeding in genetics, including the effects and purposes of these breeding practices. Understand the implications of mating closely related animals and incorporating genes from specific ancestors.