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Questions and Answers
A couple, neither of whom express a certain recessive genetic disorder, have a child who does express the disorder. What are the genotypes of the parents?
A couple, neither of whom express a certain recessive genetic disorder, have a child who does express the disorder. What are the genotypes of the parents?
- Both parents are heterozygous. (correct)
- One parent is homozygous dominant, and the other is homozygous recessive.
- One parent is homozygous recessive, and the other is heterozygous.
- Both parents are homozygous dominant.
In a species of flower, petal color is controlled by a single gene with two alleles: $R$ (red) and $W$ (white). Heterozygous individuals ($RW$) exhibit pink petals. Which type of inheritance does this represent?
In a species of flower, petal color is controlled by a single gene with two alleles: $R$ (red) and $W$ (white). Heterozygous individuals ($RW$) exhibit pink petals. Which type of inheritance does this represent?
- Complete dominance
- Codominance
- Recessive inheritance
- Incomplete dominance (correct)
Which cellular component houses DNA, the molecule responsible for providing instructions for building cells and ensuring its replication?
Which cellular component houses DNA, the molecule responsible for providing instructions for building cells and ensuring its replication?
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Mitochondria
- Chromosomes (correct)
- Ribosomes
A scientist is studying a family pedigree for a particular trait. She notices that the trait appears in every generation and that all affected individuals have at least one affected parent. Which mode of inheritance is MOST likely responsible for this trait?
A scientist is studying a family pedigree for a particular trait. She notices that the trait appears in every generation and that all affected individuals have at least one affected parent. Which mode of inheritance is MOST likely responsible for this trait?
A researcher aims to develop a new variety of tomato that is resistant to a specific fungal infection. Which approach involves directly modifying the tomato's DNA in a lab setting, rather than traditional breeding methods?
A researcher aims to develop a new variety of tomato that is resistant to a specific fungal infection. Which approach involves directly modifying the tomato's DNA in a lab setting, rather than traditional breeding methods?
In a scenario where a plant with red flowers is crossed with a plant with white flowers and the offspring have pink flowers, which type of genetic expression is MOST likely being displayed?
In a scenario where a plant with red flowers is crossed with a plant with white flowers and the offspring have pink flowers, which type of genetic expression is MOST likely being displayed?
A scientist discovers a new chemical compound that significantly increases the rate of mutations in bacteria. How should the compound be classified?
A scientist discovers a new chemical compound that significantly increases the rate of mutations in bacteria. How should the compound be classified?
Farmers want to produce cows that yield more milk. They select only the cows that already produce the most milk to breed. This is an example of what?
Farmers want to produce cows that yield more milk. They select only the cows that already produce the most milk to breed. This is an example of what?
A geneticist is studying a family and notices that a particular trait appears to skip generations. What type of inheritance is MOST likely responsible for this pattern?
A geneticist is studying a family and notices that a particular trait appears to skip generations. What type of inheritance is MOST likely responsible for this pattern?
What is the primary role of proteins in the context of genetics?
What is the primary role of proteins in the context of genetics?
Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between genes and DNA?
Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between genes and DNA?
A scientist is working with a new strain of plant and wants to insert a gene from a bacterium to make the plant resistant to a specific pest. Which technique would they MOST likely use?
A scientist is working with a new strain of plant and wants to insert a gene from a bacterium to make the plant resistant to a specific pest. Which technique would they MOST likely use?
A couple, neither of whom have cystic fibrosis, have a child with cystic fibrosis. What can be concluded about the parents?
A couple, neither of whom have cystic fibrosis, have a child with cystic fibrosis. What can be concluded about the parents?
Flashcards
Pedigree
Pedigree
A chart tracing a trait through generations to predict genetic disorders.
Proteins role with Genes
Proteins role with Genes
Proteins act as messengers that help genes express their potential traits.
Mutagen Examples
Mutagen Examples
X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, asbestos, and cigarette smoke.
Gene
Gene
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Selective Breeding
Selective Breeding
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DNA
DNA
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Incomplete Dominance
Incomplete Dominance
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Codominance
Codominance
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Mutation
Mutation
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Mutagen
Mutagen
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Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering
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Study Notes
- Genetics involves the study of heredity and variation in organisms, looking at how traits are passed down and how they can change.
Key Terms
- Gene: A segment of DNA that carries instructions for a trait.
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): Hereditary material made of sugar, phosphate, and bases.
Types of Genetic Expression
- Incomplete Dominance: Each allele has its own level of influence, resulting in a blended phenotype in offspring.
- Codominance: Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype of the offspring.
Mutations and Their Effects
- Mutation: A change in the order of bases within the DNA.
- Harmful Mutations: Reduce an organism's ability to survive.
- Beneficial Mutations: Increase an organism's ability to survive.
Mechanisms of Genetic Change
- Mutagen: Anything that causes a mutation within an organism's DNA.
- Common mutagens: X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, asbestos, and cigarette smoke.
Genetic Manipulation Techniques
- Selective Breeding: Desirable traits are produced in offspring by breeding organisms with certain characteristics.
- Genetic Engineering: Genes from one organism are transferred to another, often in a lab, without traditional breeding.
Tools for Understanding Genetics
- Pedigree: A tool/chart used for tracing a trait through generations.
- Used to predict if a person is a carrier of a recessive disorder and the likelihood of offspring inheriting it.
Link Between Proteins and Genetics
- Proteins act as chemical messengers that help genes reach their potential.
Inheritance Patterns
- Recessive Disorders: A child can inherit a recessive disorder if both parents have the disorder or are carriers.
DNA Structure and Function
- DNA provides instructions for building cells and is found on chromosomes.
- DNA has the ability to copy itself.
Problem-Solving Steps for Recessive Disorders
- Determine parents' genotypes (homozygous recessive, heterozygous, or homozygous dominant).
- Use a Punnett square to visualize allele combinations in offspring.
- Analyze results to determine the probability of the child being affected or a carrier.
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Description
Explore genetics, the study of heredity and variation in organisms. Learn about genes, DNA, genetic expression (incomplete dominance, codominance), mutations, mutagens, and genetic manipulation techniques like selective breeding. Understand how traits are passed down and changed.
