Questions and Answers
Who is considered to be the father of genetics?
What is the term for the transmission of traits from one generation to another?
What is a gene?
What is an allele?
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What is a dominant allele?
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What is a homozygous organism?
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What is the physical expression of a character?
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Who coined the term genetics?
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What is the first filial generation produced when two pure parents are crossed?
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What is the term used to describe the transmission of characteristics from one generation to another?
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What is the significance of Mendel's work on heredity?
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What is a true breeding plant?
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What is the purpose of Mendel's experiment on pea plants?
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What is the term used to describe the physical, mental, or physiological characteristics that are passed from parents to offspring?
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What is the significance of F1 generation in Mendel's experiment?
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What is the purpose of Mendel's selection of seven contrasting pairs of characters in pea plants?
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Study Notes
Genetics and Heredity
- Genetics is the study of variations and how they are transferred from one generation to another.
- Gregor Johann Mendel is considered the father of genetics.
Key Terms in Genetics
- Heredity: the transmission of traits from one generation to another.
- Variation: the difference observed among members of the same species and also among offspring of the same parent.
- Gene: the unit of inheritance, which is transferred from parent to offspring, controlling the expression of a character.
- Allelomorphs: every character is controlled by two genes, which control contrasting expressions.
- Allele: a pair of genes that controls contrasting characters and lies on the same loci in homologous chromosomes.
- Dominant allele: an allele that expresses itself in the presence of its contrasting allele.
- Recessive allele: the allele that cannot express itself in the presence of the dominant allele.
- Homozygous organism: an individual with similar alleles of a character.
- Heterozygous organisms: an individual with dissimilar alleles of a character.
- Phenotype: the physical expression of a character.
- Genotype: represents how an organism is genetically made up.
F1 and F2 Generations
- F1 generation: the first filial generation produced when two pure parents are crossed.
- F2 generation: the second filial generation of progeny formed when two F1 generation plants are crossed.
Mendel's Experiments
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Mendel performed experiments on a garden pea (Pisum sativum) with different visible contrasting characters.
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He selected seven contrasting pairs of characters or traits in a garden pea.
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Mendel's experiment involved three stages: selection of parents, production of F1 plants, and production of F2 plants.
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True breeding plant: a plant that produces an offspring with the same characteristics on self-pollination.
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Description
Learn about the basics of genetics, including the study of variations, heredity, and the contributions of Gregor Johann Mendel and other scientists. Explore key terms and concepts in genetics.
