Questions and Answers
What is the study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation known as?
What is the molecule that contains genetic information?
Which of the following laws states that one allele can be dominant over another?
What is the study of insects?
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What is the highest level of classification in taxonomy?
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What is the level of classification that groups organisms based on body structure?
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What is the term for the complete set of genetic information in an organism?
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Which of the following inheritance patterns requires two copies of the allele to express the trait?
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Study Notes
Genetics
Key Concepts
- Genetics: the study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation
- Genome: the complete set of genetic information in an organism
- Chromosomes: thread-like structures carrying genetic information in the nucleus
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): the molecule that contains genetic information
- Genes: segments of DNA that code for specific traits or functions
Genetic Inheritance
-
Mendel's Laws:
- Law of Segregation: each pair of alleles separates during gamete formation
- Law of Independent Assortment: alleles for different genes are sorted independently
- Law of Dominance: one allele can be dominant over another
-
Inheritance Patterns:
- autosomal dominant: one copy of the allele is enough to express the trait
- autosomal recessive: two copies of the allele are needed to express the trait
- X-linked: genes on the X chromosome
Zoology
Branches of Zoology
- Vertebrate Zoology: study of animals with backbones (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals)
- Invertebrate Zoology: study of animals without backbones (e.g., insects, arachnids, mollusks, echinoderms)
- Entomology: study of insects
- Herpetology: study of reptiles and amphibians
- Ornithology: study of birds
- Mammalogy: study of mammals
Zoological Classification
- Taxonomy: the classification of organisms into groups based on their characteristics
-
Hierarchy of Classification:
- Domain: highest level of classification
- Kingdom: second highest level of classification
- Phylum: level of classification that groups organisms based on body structure
- Class: level of classification that groups organisms based on shared characteristics
- Order: level of classification that groups organisms based on evolutionary relationships
- Family: level of classification that groups organisms based on shared characteristics
- Genus: level of classification that groups organisms based on shared characteristics
- Species: most specific level of classification
Zoological Concepts
- Adaptation: the process of an organism changing to better fit its environment
- Evolution: the change in the characteristics of a species over time
- Habitat: the natural environment in which an organism lives
- Niche: the specific role an organism plays in its environment
- Ecological Niche: the specific role an organism plays in its ecosystem
Genetics
Key Concepts
- Genetics studies heredity, genes, and genetic variation, which is contained in the genome, the complete set of genetic information in an organism.
- Chromosomes are thread-like structures carrying genetic information in the nucleus, and they contain DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid), the molecule that contains genetic information.
- Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific traits or functions.
Genetic Inheritance
-
Mendel's Laws govern genetic inheritance, including:
- Law of Segregation: each pair of alleles separates during gamete formation.
- Law of Independent Assortment: alleles for different genes are sorted independently.
- Law of Dominance: one allele can be dominant over another.
-
Inheritance Patterns include:
- Autosomal dominant: one copy of the allele is enough to express the trait.
- Autosomal recessive: two copies of the allele are needed to express the trait.
- X-linked: genes on the X chromosome.
Zoology
Branches of Zoology
- Vertebrate Zoology studies animals with backbones (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).
- Invertebrate Zoology studies animals without backbones (e.g., insects, arachnids, mollusks, echinoderms).
- Entomology is the study of insects.
- Herpetology is the study of reptiles and amphibians.
- Ornithology is the study of birds.
- Mammalogy is the study of mammals.
Zoological Classification
- Taxonomy is the classification of organisms into groups based on their characteristics.
- The Hierarchy of Classification consists of:
- Domain: the highest level of classification.
- Kingdom: the second highest level of classification.
- Phylum: groups organisms based on body structure.
- Class: groups organisms based on shared characteristics.
- Order: groups organisms based on evolutionary relationships.
- Family: groups organisms based on shared characteristics.
- Genus: groups organisms based on shared characteristics.
- Species: the most specific level of classification.
Zoological Concepts
- Adaptation is the process of an organism changing to better fit its environment.
- Evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over time.
- Habitat is the natural environment in which an organism lives.
- Niche is the specific role an organism plays in its environment.
- Ecological Niche is the specific role an organism plays in its ecosystem.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the basics of genetics, including the study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation. Learn about genomes, chromosomes, DNA, and genes.