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Questions and Answers
What role does DNA gyrase play in DNA manipulation?
Which describes the Pribnow box?
What is an open reading frame (ORF)?
What happens at the termination stage of translation?
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What is the primary function of housekeeping genes?
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Which statement describes an enhancer?
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How can catenanes be described?
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What is a characteristic of a constitutive gene?
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Study Notes
DNA Sequences and Gene Expression
- Genetic code is used to convert the base sequence in nucleic acids, read in groups of three, into the sequence of a tRNA.
- Termination occurs when no tRNA exists to bind to a stop codon, causing the tRNA holding the polypeptide to remain in the P site.
- DNA gyrase is an enzyme that introduces negative supercoils into DNA, and is a member of the type II topoisomerase family.
- Supercoiling refers to the higher-level coiling of DNA that is already a complementary strand.
- Catenanes are circular molecules of DNA that can become interlocked during transcription or recombination.
Gene Structure and Regulation
- An open reading frame is a sequence of bases (either in DNA or RNA) that can be translated to give a protein.
- Constitutive genes often have both their -10 and -35 region promoter sequences very close to consensus, which are repressed under rare conditions.
- Enhancers are regulatory sequences inside, and often far away from, the promoter region that bind transcription factors.
- The 5'-UTR region of an mRNA is located between the 5' end and the translation start site.
- Primary transcript is the original RNA molecule obtained by transcription from a DNA template, before any processing or modification has occurred.
Gene Expression and Regulation
- Housekeeping genes are genes that are switched on some of the time because they are needed for essential life functions.
- Pribnow box is a region of bacterial promoter 10 bases back from the start of transcription that is recognized by RNA polymerase.
True or False
- A: (F) - There is only one possible model for ordering cell-cycle events, the dependent pathway.
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Description
This quiz covers the genetic code, termination of gene expression, DNA gyrase, and supercoiling. Learn about the processes involved in converting DNA sequences into polypeptides
