Genetics Chapter on Mutations & Biotechnology

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Questions and Answers

What was the critical observation that led Archibald Garrod to investigate alkaptonuria?

The genetic mutation in genes causing alkapton build-up.

The lack of enzymes to catalyze reactions in alkapton metabolism.

The patients' inability to synthesize alkapton.

The black color of the urine of the patients when exposed to air. (correct)

Which of the following accurately describes the experimental setup used by Beadle and Tatum using Neurospora crassa?

They introduced specific genes and observed the new characteristics of the mutant mould.

They exposed the mould to x-rays, and observed the mutations that resulted in the inability to grow on a minimal media.

They grew the mould in a rich media and observed the mutated offspring.

They created mutations in the mould and observed which additional nutrients were required for growth on a minimal media. (correct)

The initial 'one gene-one enzyme hypothesis' as proposed by Beadle and Tatum was later modified because:

not all genes code for polypeptides.

some proteins are composed of multiple different polypeptides

some enzymes are not encoded by a specific gene

not all proteins function as enzymes. (correct)

In the context of the central dogma, what is the role of RNA?

To act as an intermediary molecule between DNA and protein synthesis. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific contribution is incorrectly matched with the scientist?

Edward Tatum - proposed that genes code for enzymes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided text, which chapter and section primarily covers the topic of genetic mutations?

Chapter 7.5, pages 340-345 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct textbook reference for the topic of biotechnology which includes manipulating and cloning DNA?

Pages 366-375, 376-385, and 386-390 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which textbook pages are specifically assigned for practice problems related to the topic of DNA sequencing?

Page 385 (#1, 2) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the textbook assignments, which of the following page numbers does NOT have associated practice questions?

Page 377 (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided text, which listed chapter includes a section on eukaryotes?

No chapter explicitly lists eukaryotes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?

To carry specific amino acids to the ribosome based on mRNA codons. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key structural feature of tRNA that enables it to perform its function?

A single-stranded molecule with an anticodon loop and an amino acid attachment site. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What analogy best represents the relationship between codons and amino acids?

A lock and key, where each codon is the lock and each amino acid is the key. (A) Signup and view all the answers

If a mRNA sequence reads 5’-CCG-3’, which tRNA anticodon would correctly bind to it?

3’-GGC-5’ (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the start codon, AUG, particularly important for translation?

It signals the ribosome to begin protein synthesis and specifies methionine. (B) Signup and view all the answers

During translation, what is the primary function of the A site on the ribosome?

To accept a tRNA molecule whose anticodon is complementary to the mRNA codon. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of RNA polymerase during gene expression?

Creating a complementary RNA sequence from a DNA template during transcription. (A) Signup and view all the answers

If a mutation occurs in a single base within a mRNA sequence, what would be the most likely consequence during protein synthesis?

The mutation could result in the incorporation of a different amino acid into the polypeptide chain. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to have a stop codon during the process of translation?

To tell the ribosome when protein synthesis is complete, ending polypeptide chain elongation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Considering that all individuals are made up of the same four nucleotides in DNA and RNA, and the same twenty amino acids in our proteins, what accounts for the vast diversity between individuals?

Variations in the specific sequences of nucleotides in DNA, leading to differences in RNA and protein sequences. (B) Signup and view all the answers

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Description

Test your knowledge on genetic mutations, the contributions of Beadle and Tatum, and the fundamentals of biotechnology. This quiz focuses on critical observations, experimental setups, and the central dogma of molecular biology as outlined in the textbook. Prepare to explore various aspects of DNA sequencing and biotechnology as covered in your studies.