Genetics Chapter: Morgan's Research and Discoveries
10 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What was the primary model organism used in Thomas Hunt Morgan's research?

  • Pea plants
  • Bacteria
  • Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) (correct)
  • Mice

    • Which concept is most closely associated with Thomas Hunt Morgan's research on fruit flies at Columbia University?

  • The development of the polymerase chain reaction
  • The chromosomal theory of inheritance (correct)
  • The discovery of DNA structure
  • The theory of evolution by natural selection

    • What characteristic of Drosophila made them particularly suitable for Morgan's genetic studies?

  • Their resistance to disease
  • Their long lifespan
  • Their large and easily visible chromosomes (correct)
  • Their complex nervous system

    • What key observation did Morgan make regarding the inheritance of the white-eyed trait in fruit flies?

    <p>It was linked to the sex of the fruit fly, specifically observed on the male's sex chromosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contribution did Hermann Joseph Muller make to the field of genetics?

    <p>He demonstrated that X-rays could induce genetic mutations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason why Drosophila are useful model organisms in genetics research?

    <p>Complex behavioral patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Morgan's research primarily focus on?

    <p>The genetic basis of inherited traits in fruit flies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where was the "Fly Room" located?

    <p>Columbia University (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Morgan's work on fruit flies significantly advanced which field?

    <p>Genetics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to sex-linked traits, what other important genetic concept did Morgan's work help to establish?

    <p>The idea that genes are located on chromosomes and often inherited together (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Thomas Hunt Morgan

    A scientist who studied heredity using fruit flies.

    Drosophila

    The scientific name for fruit flies used in genetic research.

    Fly Room

    Morgan's laboratory at Columbia University for studying fruit flies.

    Dominant trait

    A trait that is expressed in the offspring when inherited from one parent.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Recessive trait

    A trait that is masked in the presence of a dominant trait.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sex chromosomes

    Chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism (XX for female, XY for male).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Chromosomal theory of inheritance

    The theory that genes are located on chromosomes and are inherited as units during reproduction.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Hermann Joseph Muller

    A geneticist known for his work on genetic mutations through X-rays.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Induced genetic mutations

    Changes in DNA caused by external factors like radiation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Genetic mapping

    A method to determine the location of genes on a chromosome.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Inheritance Patterns

    Traits that are linked to the sex of an organism, observed in fruit flies.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sex-linked Traits

    Traits inherited along with the sex chromosomes in fruit flies.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Chromosomal Theory

    The idea that genes are located on chromosomes and influence inheritance.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Genetic Maps

    Diagrams that show the locations of genes on chromosomes.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Short Generation Time

    The quick reproductive cycle of fruit flies allowing for rapid study.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Large Number of Offspring

    The ability of fruit flies to produce many offspring for research analysis.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Visible Chromosomes

    Fruit fly chromosomes are large and can be seen easily under a microscope.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Mendel's Laws

    Principles of inheritance that were confirmed through Morgan's research.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Artificial Mutations

    Mutations induced in organisms through external means like X-rays.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Impact of Morgan's Work

    Revolutionized genetics and confirmed foundational laws of inheritance.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Thomas Hunt Morgan's Research

    • Morgan was skeptical of previous research, focusing on controlled experiments to understand heredity
    • He used fruit flies (Drosophila-fruit flies) for his experiments
    • Fruit flies were ideal because of their wide range of traits, small number of chromosomes, and rapid reproduction
    • In 1908, set up a lab at Columbia University, known as the "Fly Room"
    • Bred millions of fruit flies, crossbreeding them to study variations in offspring using microscopy
    • Key discovery: white-eyed trait linked to sex
    • White-eyed trait appeared only in males
    • Other sex-linked traits inherited together on the sex chromosome
    • Sex determination chromosomes are X and Y (Males) and X (Females)
    • Deduced that white eyes and other sex-linked traits are carried on the X chromosome
    • Confirmed chromosomal theory of inheritance
    • Extended Mendel's work in plants to animals, a pivotal moment in genetics
    • His experiments enabled him to trace inherited physical characteristics and determine the exact behavior of genes.
    • The second generation of cross-bred flies revealed the white-eyed trait passed through the male line.

    Genetic Mutations Research

    • Hermann Muller, an American geneticist, received a Nobel Prize for his work on genetic mutations
    • Found that hereditary changes could be induced artificially by X-rays
    • Inspired by Morgan's work on fruit flies
    • Conducted experiments at Columbia University to study genetic mutations induced by X-rays
    • Became a pioneer in raising awareness of radiation's long-term dangers and campaigned for controls on nuclear weapons
    • His work was significant in showcasing how mutations could be created artificially

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore Thomas Hunt Morgan's groundbreaking research on genetics, focusing on his use of Drosophila fruit flies. This quiz covers key findings such as the role of sex-linked traits and the chromosomal theory of inheritance. Test your understanding of genetics and Morgan's contributions to the field.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser