Genetics Chapter 5 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis or mitosis?

  • Formation of recombinant chromosomes
  • Development of a zygote
  • Improper separation of the sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes (correct)
  • Initiation of protein synthesis

What is a recombinant chromosome?

  • A somatic cell undergoing mitosis
  • A chromosome with three copies of chromosome 21
  • A chromosome that determines sex
  • A chromosome formed from crossing over between parental chromosomes (correct)

Which statement accurately describes a somatic cell?

  • Any cell in the organism except sperm or egg cells (correct)
  • A cell responsible for sex determination
  • A cell that gives rise to gametes
  • A diploid cell produced from fertilization

What condition is associated with trisomy 21?

<p>Down syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of translocation in genetics?

<p>It involves the attachment of a chromosome fragment to a non-homologous chromosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an autosome?

<p>It is not involved in sex determination. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during crossing over?

<p>The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

<p>A gain or loss of chromosomes in gametes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a diploid cell?

<p>Has two sets of chromosomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a result of a deletion mutation?

<p>Loss of a chromosome region. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding homologous chromosomes?

<p>One is inherited from the mother, the other from the father. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms?

<p>To create cells with half the number of chromosome sets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a karyotype display?

<p>The chromosome pairs arranged by size and shape. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nondisjunction

An error during cell division where chromosomes don't separate properly. This can lead to cells with extra or missing chromosomes.

Recombinant Chromosome

A chromosome that arises when crossing over occurs, mixing genetic material from both parents.

Somatic Cell

A cell of the body that is not a sperm or egg cell. These cells make up all the tissues and organs of the body.

Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)

A condition where a female has an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in 47 chromosomes.

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Zygote

The first cell that forms from the fusion of a sperm and egg during fertilization.

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What is an autosome?

A chromosome that is not involved in determining sex.

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What is crossing over?

The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis.

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What is a diploid cell?

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent.

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What is fertilization?

The union of haploid gametes (egg and sperm) to produce a diploid zygote.

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What is a gamete?

A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm.

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What is a haploid cell?

A cell containing only one set of chromosomes.

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What are homologous chromosomes?

A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern. They possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci.

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What is meiosis?

A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms, consisting of two rounds of cell division and one round of DNA replication.

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