Genetics Chapter 3 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Recessive traits are expressed only in the homozygous state.

True

Gregor Mendel was a completely self-trained scientist and never attended university.

False

Pedigree construction can be a difficult task.

True

Chi-square tests are used to determine whether a cross has been correctly constructed and analyzed.

False Signup and view all the answers

People with albinism carry two copies of the dominant allele (AA) and cannot make a pigment called melanin.

False Signup and view all the answers

If a dihybrid cross is begun with a P1 generation of a true-breeding plant that produces smooth and yellow peas, crossed with a plant that produces wrinkled green peas, the F1 plants will all be smooth and yellow.

True Signup and view all the answers

Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is caused by the inability to metabolize amino acids and fats.

True Signup and view all the answers

Mendel chose to study pea plants because they have a long life cycle that offers ample time for analysis.

False Signup and view all the answers

Incomplete dominance is the expression of a phenotype that is intermediate to those of the parents.

True Signup and view all the answers

When analyzing a cross involving two traits, each trait is analyzed separately, and then the frequencies of each are combined.

True Signup and view all the answers

In his monohybrid crosses, Mendel deduced that one trait was recessive because that trait was ____.

not present in the F1 and reappeared in the F2 Signup and view all the answers

In a monohybrid cross with complete dominance, the F2 offspring should contain ____.

two different phenotypes and three different genotypes Signup and view all the answers

Alternate forms of a gene are called ____.

alleles Signup and view all the answers

Independent assortment means that the ____.

segregation of one gene pair occurs as if no other gene pair was present Signup and view all the answers

In a cross between a true-breeding plant bearing the dominant traits of smooth, yellow seeds and a true-breeding plant bearing the recessive traits of wrinkled, green seeds, the genotype of the offspring (F1) is ____.

SsYy Signup and view all the answers

In a P1 cross involving incomplete dominance, ____.

the phenotypic ratio and genotypic ratio in the F1 are identical Signup and view all the answers

Phenotype is ____.

an observable property or expression of a trait in an organism Signup and view all the answers

In codominant inheritance, ____.

there is full phenotypic expression of both members of a gene pair in the heterozygous condition Signup and view all the answers

A locus is ____.

the location of a gene on a chromosome Signup and view all the answers

Pedigrees ____.

provide information on the patterns of inheritance of a trait Signup and view all the answers

In genetics, a chi-square test can be used to determine ____.

how closely actual results of a cross match the expected results Signup and view all the answers

In a pedigree, a person whose symbol is filled in and who is associated with the Roman numeral II is ____.

affected by the trait and in the second generation Signup and view all the answers

The offspring (F1) resulting from the cross between two red flowered plants are 3/4 red and 1/4 white. The most likely genotype of both red flowered parental plants (P1) is ____.

heterozygous Signup and view all the answers

In humans, hair texture is an incompletely dominant trait. Curly is the dominant genotype, wavy is heterozygous, and straight hair is recessive. What is the probable phenotypic ratio for a cross between a man with wavy hair and a woman with curly hair?

1/2 wavy hair; 1/2 curly hair Signup and view all the answers

Some forms of methylmalonic acidemia can be ____.

treated successfully if the condition is detected early in life Signup and view all the answers

The topic of ____, the idea of the fundamental unit of living organisms, raised several questions in Mendel's mind about inheritance.

cell theory Signup and view all the answers

Mendel selected pea plants for his experiments because ____.

they can be self-fertilized or artificially fertilized by hand Signup and view all the answers

Mendel analyzed his pea plant data using the principles of ____.

probability Signup and view all the answers

Ockham's razor could also be called the principle of ____.

parsimony Signup and view all the answers

The first genetic trait described in humans was ____.

brachydactyly Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Genetics Fundamentals

Recessive traits require a homozygous state for expression, contrasting with dominant traits.
Gregor Mendel received formal education, attending university, which contributed to his foundational work in genetics.

Pedigree and Cross Analysis

Constructing pedigrees can be complex but crucial for understanding inheritance patterns.
Chi-square tests assess the fitness of hypothesized crosses by comparing expected vs. actual outcomes.

Mendelian Genetics

Individuals with albinism have two copies of the recessive allele (aa), leading to the inability to produce melanin.
Dihybrid crosses initiated with true-breeding dominant smooth, yellow seeds crossed with recessive wrinkled, green seeds produce all F1 plants exhibiting dominant traits.
Incomplete dominance results in intermediate phenotypes in offspring.

Genotype and Phenotype

The genotype of F1 offspring from dominant and recessive trait parents is heterozygous (SsYy).
Phenotypes represent observable characteristics of an organism, influenced by genotypic makeup.
Codominance results in distinct expression of both alleles in a heterozygous individual.

Genetic terminology

Alleles refer to different forms of a gene; loci indicate a gene's specific location on a chromosome.
Independent assortment describes how different gene pairs segregate independently during gamete formation.

Pedigree Analysis and Trait Inheritance

Pedigrees illustrate inheritance patterns, with symbols indicating affected individuals and generations.
The genetic makeup of red-flowered parent plants in a cross yielding 3:1 offspring is most likely heterozygous.

Hair Texture Inheritance Example

Hair texture in humans shows incomplete dominance; a cross between a wavy-haired man and a curly-haired woman produces offspring with a phenotypic ratio of 1/2 wavy to 1/2 curly.

Methylmalonic Acidemia (MMA)

Certain forms of MMA involve difficulty in metabolizing certain amino acids and fats, with early detection allowing for effective treatment options.

Mendel's Experimental Approach

Mendel's selection of pea plants was due to their ability to undergo self-fertilization or controlled cross-fertilization.
He utilized probability principles to analyze data from his experiments.

Philosophical Concepts in Genetics

Ockham's razor, or the principle of parsimony, prioritizes simpler explanations in scientific reasoning.

Genetic Traits in Humans

Brachydactyly was the first genetic trait documented in humans, highlighting the historical context of genetic study.

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Test your knowledge of key concepts in Genetics Chapter 3 with these flashcards. This quiz covers definitions and true/false statements related to recessive traits, Gregor Mendel's education, pedigree construction, and chi-square tests. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of genetic principles!

Genetics Chapter 3 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Recessive traits are expressed only in the homozygous state.

Gregor Mendel was a completely self-trained scientist and never attended university.

Pedigree construction can be a difficult task.

Chi-square tests are used to determine whether a cross has been correctly constructed and analyzed.

People with albinism carry two copies of the dominant allele (AA) and cannot make a pigment called melanin.

If a dihybrid cross is begun with a P1 generation of a true-breeding plant that produces smooth and yellow peas, crossed with a plant that produces wrinkled green peas, the F1 plants will all be smooth and yellow.

Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is caused by the inability to metabolize amino acids and fats.

Mendel chose to study pea plants because they have a long life cycle that offers ample time for analysis.

Incomplete dominance is the expression of a phenotype that is intermediate to those of the parents.

When analyzing a cross involving two traits, each trait is analyzed separately, and then the frequencies of each are combined.

In his monohybrid crosses, Mendel deduced that one trait was recessive because that trait was ____.

In a monohybrid cross with complete dominance, the F2 offspring should contain ____.

Alternate forms of a gene are called ____.

Independent assortment means that the ____.

In a cross between a true-breeding plant bearing the dominant traits of smooth, yellow seeds and a true-breeding plant bearing the recessive traits of wrinkled, green seeds, the genotype of the offspring (F1) is ____.

In a P1 cross involving incomplete dominance, ____.

Phenotype is ____.

In codominant inheritance, ____.

A locus is ____.

Pedigrees ____.

In genetics, a chi-square test can be used to determine ____.

In a pedigree, a person whose symbol is filled in and who is associated with the Roman numeral II is ____.

The offspring (F1) resulting from the cross between two red flowered plants are 3/4 red and 1/4 white. The most likely genotype of both red flowered parental plants (P1) is ____.

In humans, hair texture is an incompletely dominant trait. Curly is the dominant genotype, wavy is heterozygous, and straight hair is recessive. What is the probable phenotypic ratio for a cross between a man with wavy hair and a woman with curly hair?

Some forms of methylmalonic acidemia can be ____.

The topic of ____, the idea of the fundamental unit of living organisms, raised several questions in Mendel's mind about inheritance.

Mendel selected pea plants for his experiments because ____.

Mendel analyzed his pea plant data using the principles of ____.

Ockham's razor could also be called the principle of ____.

The first genetic trait described in humans was ____.

Study Notes

Genetics Fundamentals

Pedigree and Cross Analysis

Mendelian Genetics

Genotype and Phenotype

Genetic terminology

Pedigree Analysis and Trait Inheritance

Hair Texture Inheritance Example

Methylmalonic Acidemia (MMA)

Mendel's Experimental Approach

Philosophical Concepts in Genetics

Genetic Traits in Humans

Studying That Suits You

Description

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