Questions and Answers
What is a trait?
What does heredity refer to?
The passing of traits from parents to offspring
What is the scientific study of heredity called?
What is a purebred organism?
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What is a gene?
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A dominant allele always shows up in the organism when present.
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What are alleles?
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A recessive allele is always expressed in the organism.
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What is a hybrid organism?
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What does probability refer to in genetics?
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What is a Punnett square?
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What is phenotype?
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What is genotype?
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Homozygous organisms have two different alleles for a trait.
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Heterozygous organisms have two identical alleles for a trait.
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What is codominance?
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What is meiosis?
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What is messenger RNA?
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What is transfer RNA?
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Study Notes
Key Genetics Terms
- Trait: A specific characteristic transmitted from parents to offspring via genes.
- Heredity: The biological process through which traits are inherited from one generation to the next.
- Genetics: The branch of biology focused on the study of heredity and variation in organisms.
Organism Types and Alleles
- Purebred: An organism that consistently produces offspring with identical traits, ensuring uniformity in characteristics.
- Gene: A DNA segment located on chromosomes, responsible for encoding specific traits.
- Alleles: Variants of a gene that can produce different traits; these can be dominant or recessive.
- Dominant Allele: An allele that expresses its trait in the presence of another allele.
- Recessive Allele: An allele whose effects are masked by a dominant allele in heterozygous organisms.
- Hybrid: An organism possessing two different alleles for a given trait; characterized as heterozygous.
Genetic Concepts and Tools
- Probability: The statistical likelihood that a certain genetic event will happen.
- Punnett Square: A graphical tool used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes resulting from a genetic cross, illustrating all possible allele combinations.
- Phenotype: The observable physical traits of an organism, reflecting its genotype.
- Genotype: The specific allelic makeup of an organism, dictating its genetic traits.
Genetic Combinations
- Homozygous: An organism that contains two identical alleles for a given trait.
- Heterozygous: An organism with two differing alleles for a specific trait, resulting in variable expression.
- Codominance: A genetic scenario where both alleles contribute equally and visibly to the phenotype.
Cellular Processes
- Meiosis: A specialized cell division that halves the chromosome number in sex cells, crucial for sexual reproduction.
- Messenger RNA (mRNA): A type of RNA that transcribes genetic information from DNA and transports it from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.
- Transfer RNA (tRNA): RNA molecules that transport amino acids to ribosomes, facilitating protein assembly by matching amino acids to the corresponding codons in the mRNA sequence.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of genetics and heredity with these flashcards from Chapter 3. Learn important terms such as traits, heredity, and purebred organisms. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of genetic principles.
