42 Questions
What is the role of DNA ligase in the DNA replication process?
Joins small fragments of DNA to form a continuous chain
Which of the following accurately describes the genetic code redundancy?
There are multiple codons coding for the same amino acid
What is the main difference between RNA and DNA?
RNA has uracil instead of thymine and DNA uses uracil
During transcription, what is the role of RNA polymerase in the elongation phase?
Adds RNA nucleotides to the chain
How do frameshift mutations differ from point mutations?
Point mutations involve the insertion or deletion of base pairs
What is the function of tRNA during translation?
Adds amino acids to the peptide chain
Which process results in the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?
Transcription
How can a missense mutation differ from a nonsense mutation?
Missense mutations lead to premature termination of protein synthesis
Which agent is known to increase the frequency of mutations by altering DNA bases?
Mutagens
What is the main method through which gene expression is controlled?
Transcription
What is the primary function of the inner membrane in the nucleus?
To enclose the nucleus and contain the nucleolus
What is the main function of histone proteins in chromosomes?
To fold and coil DNA into chromosomes
What is the name of the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to the new DNA strand during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
What is the name of the small, dense structure within the nucleus that holds RNA, DNA, and DNA-binding proteins?
Nucleolus
What is the term for the process of DNA wrapping around histone proteins to form a 'beads on a string' appearance?
DNA packing
What is the number of chromosome pairs in a human cell?
23
Which genetic condition is characterized by food-seeking behaviors after infancy and rapid weight gain between 1 and 6 years of age?
Prader-Willi Syndrome
What is a common symptom of Angelman Syndrome?
Developmental Delay
Which genetic condition is characterized by having an unstable CGG repeat on the long arm of the X chromosome?
Fragile X Syndrome
What is a common feature of Genetic Anticipation Disorders?
Triplet Repeat Expansion
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of Fragile X Syndrome?
Limitations in Speech
Why is the paternal gene in the Prader-Willi critical region unable to function?
Imprinting
What causes genetic variability during meiosis?
Crossing over
Which disorder is characterized by the presence of two copies of a given chromosome in some gametes?
Down syndrome
In which mode of inheritance are two recessive alleles required to show the disease?
Autosomal Recessive
What is the key feature associated with Turner syndrome?
Primary Amenorrhea
Which genetic event increases genetic variability?
Genetic Recombination
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur?
S phase
Which phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes in the middle of the spindle?
Metaphase
What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
Nondisjunction of oocyte
What is true about haploid cells?
They are gametes
Which law of inheritance states that each reproductive cell carries only one homologous gene?
Mendel's Law of Segregation
What is a common feature in autosomal dominant disorders?
Disease appearing in every generation
Which proteins interact with cell receptors to activate intracellular signaling pathways?
Mitogens
Which phenomenon results in the hereditary transmission of one gene having no effect on another gene?
Independent Assortment
What is the purpose of survival factors in cell growth control?
Suppress apoptosis
Which type of cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes?
Diploid cell
What term describes the production of new combinations of genes due to crossing over?
Homologous Recombination
Where does spermatogenesis occur?
Seminiferous tubules
What is the process that yields 4 haploid cells (gametes)?
Meiosis II
Which event occurs during prophase of mitosis?
First appearance of chromosomes
When does Meiosis II resume in the process of oogenesis?
After fertilization
Explore the structure of the cell nucleus and the role of DNA in chromosomes. Learn about genes, histones, and the control of genetic information in cell division.
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