Genetics: Cell Nucleus and DNA Structure
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of DNA ligase in the DNA replication process?

  • Proofreads the replicated DNA
  • Joins small fragments of DNA to form a continuous chain (correct)
  • Removes damaged DNA segments
  • Separates DNA strands to allow replication
  • Which of the following accurately describes the genetic code redundancy?

  • Different amino acids are coded by identical codons
  • There are multiple codons coding for the same amino acid (correct)
  • Each amino acid is coded by only one codon
  • Codons only code for proteins
  • What is the main difference between RNA and DNA?

  • RNA is double-stranded while DNA is single-stranded
  • RNA has uracil instead of thymine and DNA uses uracil (correct)
  • DNA has 20 types of nucleotides while RNA has 4
  • RNA does not contain any genetic information
  • During transcription, what is the role of RNA polymerase in the elongation phase?

    <p>Adds RNA nucleotides to the chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do frameshift mutations differ from point mutations?

    <p>Point mutations involve the insertion or deletion of base pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tRNA during translation?

    <p>Adds amino acids to the peptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process results in the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a missense mutation differ from a nonsense mutation?

    <p>Missense mutations lead to premature termination of protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent is known to increase the frequency of mutations by altering DNA bases?

    <p>Mutagens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main method through which gene expression is controlled?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the inner membrane in the nucleus?

    <p>To enclose the nucleus and contain the nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of histone proteins in chromosomes?

    <p>To fold and coil DNA into chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to the new DNA strand during DNA replication?

    <p>DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the small, dense structure within the nucleus that holds RNA, DNA, and DNA-binding proteins?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of DNA wrapping around histone proteins to form a 'beads on a string' appearance?

    <p>DNA packing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of chromosome pairs in a human cell?

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic condition is characterized by food-seeking behaviors after infancy and rapid weight gain between 1 and 6 years of age?

    <p>Prader-Willi Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Angelman Syndrome?

    <p>Developmental Delay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic condition is characterized by having an unstable CGG repeat on the long arm of the X chromosome?

    <p>Fragile X Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of Genetic Anticipation Disorders?

    <p>Triplet Repeat Expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of Fragile X Syndrome?

    <p>Limitations in Speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the paternal gene in the Prader-Willi critical region unable to function?

    <p>Imprinting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes genetic variability during meiosis?

    <p>Crossing over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by the presence of two copies of a given chromosome in some gametes?

    <p>Down syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which mode of inheritance are two recessive alleles required to show the disease?

    <p>Autosomal Recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature associated with Turner syndrome?

    <p>Primary Amenorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic event increases genetic variability?

    <p>Genetic Recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes in the middle of the spindle?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?

    <p>Nondisjunction of oocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about haploid cells?

    <p>They are gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law of inheritance states that each reproductive cell carries only one homologous gene?

    <p>Mendel's Law of Segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature in autosomal dominant disorders?

    <p>Disease appearing in every generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins interact with cell receptors to activate intracellular signaling pathways?

    <p>Mitogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon results in the hereditary transmission of one gene having no effect on another gene?

    <p>Independent Assortment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of survival factors in cell growth control?

    <p>Suppress apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes?

    <p>Diploid cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the production of new combinations of genes due to crossing over?

    <p>Homologous Recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does spermatogenesis occur?

    <p>Seminiferous tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that yields 4 haploid cells (gametes)?

    <p>Meiosis II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event occurs during prophase of mitosis?

    <p>First appearance of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does Meiosis II resume in the process of oogenesis?

    <p>After fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

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