Genetics Basics Quiz

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What is the primary function of a gene?

To regulate gene expression
To transcribe and/or translate into a protein
To act as a unit of heredity
All of the above (correct)

What is the primary role of RNA splicing?

To covalently join exon sequences of RNA and eliminate intervening intron sequences (correct)
To synthesize new DNA strands using the template strand
To initiate DNA replication by separating DNA strands
To regulate gene expression by controlling transcription

What is the primary function of transcriptional regulatory elements?

To regulate the process of RNA splicing
To regulate the genetic transcription process (correct)
To control the rate of DNA replication
To synthesize RNA complementary to the DNA strand

What is the primary purpose of DNA replication?

To duplicate the genetic information of the ancestral cell prior to cell division (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the synthesis of the leading strand and the lagging strand during DNA replication?

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in small pieces (Okazaki fragments) backward from the overall direction of replication. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the enzyme RNA polymerase during transcription?

To open the DNA strands and synthesize an RNA complementary to only one of the DNA strands (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important step in the control of gene expression?

Transcription (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of exons in a gene?

They determine the structure and function of a protein (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the splicing together of exons to form mRNA?

Gene transcription (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to introns in the primary transcript of a gene?

They are destroyed and not present in mRNA (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is involved in the decoding process during translation?

Proteins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate product of translation?

Proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is primarily responsible for regulating gene expression at the transcriptional level in eukaryotes?

Binding of transcription regulators to regulatory DNA sequences (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about DNA methylation in eukaryotes is correct?

Methylation is a chemical modification that contributes to epigenetic memory (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is responsible for determining the functional proteins produced from gene expression in eukaryotes?

Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the central dogma of molecular biology is correct?

Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is responsible for regulating gene expression at the post-translational level in eukaryotes?

Protein modifications (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA in eukaryotic cells?

RNA polymerase (RNAP) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of small non-coding RNA mentioned in the text?

snRNAs (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mechanism by which mRNA translation is regulated?

Regulation by cleavage of mRNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'miRNA Recognition Elements' (MREs) mentioned in the text?

To allow miRNAs to bind to their target mRNAs (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of reversible chemical modification to RNA mentioned in the text?

Hydroxylation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mechanism by which the expression of gene regulators of plant development is controlled?

Transcription regulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of genes in the regulation of differentiation and development?

Genes containing promoters sensitive to phytohormones and environmental factors play an important role in regulating differentiation and development. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the genes AP3 (APETALA3) and AG (AGAMOUS) in the context of flower development?

They are floral homeotic genes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the gene AMS (ABORTED MICROSPORE) in the context of flower development?

It is involved in the formation of the pollen wall. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following genes are involved in early anther development, according to the given information?

EMS1/EXS and DYT1 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors are considered external factors in the regulation of differentiation and development, according to the given information?

Temperature and light (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the study case mentioned in the text, involving the expression profiles of known floral regulators in Arabidopsis?

To analyze the expression of genes involved in flower development at different time-points after inducing floral buds. (D) Signup and view all the answers