29 Questions
What is the primary function of a gene?
All of the above
What is the primary role of RNA splicing?
To covalently join exon sequences of RNA and eliminate intervening intron sequences
What is the primary function of transcriptional regulatory elements?
To regulate the genetic transcription process
What is the primary purpose of DNA replication?
To duplicate the genetic information of the ancestral cell prior to cell division
What is the key difference between the synthesis of the leading strand and the lagging strand during DNA replication?
The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in small pieces (Okazaki fragments) backward from the overall direction of replication.
What is the primary function of the enzyme RNA polymerase during transcription?
To open the DNA strands and synthesize an RNA complementary to only one of the DNA strands
What is the most important step in the control of gene expression?
Transcription
What is the function of exons in a gene?
They determine the structure and function of a protein
Which process involves the splicing together of exons to form mRNA?
Gene transcription
What happens to introns in the primary transcript of a gene?
They are destroyed and not present in mRNA
Which macromolecule is involved in the decoding process during translation?
Proteins
What is the ultimate product of translation?
Proteins
Which of the following processes is primarily responsible for regulating gene expression at the transcriptional level in eukaryotes?
Binding of transcription regulators to regulatory DNA sequences
Which of the following statements about DNA methylation in eukaryotes is correct?
Methylation is a chemical modification that contributes to epigenetic memory
Which of the following processes is responsible for determining the functional proteins produced from gene expression in eukaryotes?
Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA
Which of the following statements about the central dogma of molecular biology is correct?
Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein
Which of the following processes is responsible for regulating gene expression at the post-translational level in eukaryotes?
Protein modifications
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA in eukaryotic cells?
RNA polymerase (RNAP)
Which of the following is NOT a type of small non-coding RNA mentioned in the text?
snRNAs
Which of the following is a mechanism by which mRNA translation is regulated?
Regulation by cleavage of mRNA
What is the purpose of the 'miRNA Recognition Elements' (MREs) mentioned in the text?
To allow miRNAs to bind to their target mRNAs
Which of the following is NOT a type of reversible chemical modification to RNA mentioned in the text?
Hydroxylation
Which of the following is a mechanism by which the expression of gene regulators of plant development is controlled?
Transcription regulation
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of genes in the regulation of differentiation and development?
Genes containing promoters sensitive to phytohormones and environmental factors play an important role in regulating differentiation and development.
What is the significance of the genes AP3 (APETALA3) and AG (AGAMOUS) in the context of flower development?
They are floral homeotic genes.
What is the role of the gene AMS (ABORTED MICROSPORE) in the context of flower development?
It is involved in the formation of the pollen wall.
Which of the following genes are involved in early anther development, according to the given information?
EMS1/EXS and DYT1
Which of the following factors are considered external factors in the regulation of differentiation and development, according to the given information?
Temperature and light
What was the purpose of the study case mentioned in the text, involving the expression profiles of known floral regulators in Arabidopsis?
To analyze the expression of genes involved in flower development at different time-points after inducing floral buds.
Test your knowledge on fundamental concepts in genetics including genes, RNA splicing, transcriptional regulatory elements, and the central dogma of molecular biology. Explore topics such as gene function, transcription, and genetic information flow.
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