Genetics Basics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a gene?

  • To regulate gene expression
  • To transcribe and/or translate into a protein
  • To act as a unit of heredity
  • All of the above (correct)

What is the primary role of RNA splicing?

  • To covalently join exon sequences of RNA and eliminate intervening intron sequences (correct)
  • To synthesize new DNA strands using the template strand
  • To initiate DNA replication by separating DNA strands
  • To regulate gene expression by controlling transcription

What is the primary function of transcriptional regulatory elements?

  • To regulate the process of RNA splicing
  • To regulate the genetic transcription process (correct)
  • To control the rate of DNA replication
  • To synthesize RNA complementary to the DNA strand

What is the primary purpose of DNA replication?

<p>To duplicate the genetic information of the ancestral cell prior to cell division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the synthesis of the leading strand and the lagging strand during DNA replication?

<p>The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in small pieces (Okazaki fragments) backward from the overall direction of replication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the enzyme RNA polymerase during transcription?

<p>To open the DNA strands and synthesize an RNA complementary to only one of the DNA strands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important step in the control of gene expression?

<p>Transcription (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of exons in a gene?

<p>They determine the structure and function of a protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the splicing together of exons to form mRNA?

<p>Gene transcription (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to introns in the primary transcript of a gene?

<p>They are destroyed and not present in mRNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is involved in the decoding process during translation?

<p>Proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate product of translation?

<p>Proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is primarily responsible for regulating gene expression at the transcriptional level in eukaryotes?

<p>Binding of transcription regulators to regulatory DNA sequences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about DNA methylation in eukaryotes is correct?

<p>Methylation is a chemical modification that contributes to epigenetic memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is responsible for determining the functional proteins produced from gene expression in eukaryotes?

<p>Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the central dogma of molecular biology is correct?

<p>Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is responsible for regulating gene expression at the post-translational level in eukaryotes?

<p>Protein modifications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA in eukaryotic cells?

<p>RNA polymerase (RNAP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of small non-coding RNA mentioned in the text?

<p>snRNAs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mechanism by which mRNA translation is regulated?

<p>Regulation by cleavage of mRNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'miRNA Recognition Elements' (MREs) mentioned in the text?

<p>To allow miRNAs to bind to their target mRNAs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of reversible chemical modification to RNA mentioned in the text?

<p>Hydroxylation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mechanism by which the expression of gene regulators of plant development is controlled?

<p>Transcription regulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of genes in the regulation of differentiation and development?

<p>Genes containing promoters sensitive to phytohormones and environmental factors play an important role in regulating differentiation and development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the genes AP3 (APETALA3) and AG (AGAMOUS) in the context of flower development?

<p>They are floral homeotic genes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the gene AMS (ABORTED MICROSPORE) in the context of flower development?

<p>It is involved in the formation of the pollen wall. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following genes are involved in early anther development, according to the given information?

<p>EMS1/EXS and DYT1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors are considered external factors in the regulation of differentiation and development, according to the given information?

<p>Temperature and light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the study case mentioned in the text, involving the expression profiles of known floral regulators in Arabidopsis?

<p>To analyze the expression of genes involved in flower development at different time-points after inducing floral buds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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