Genetics and Sex-Linked Traits
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for a gene that is located on the X chromosome?

  • Autosomal
  • Recessive
  • Dominant
  • Sex-linked (correct)

    • What is the purpose of helicase in DNA replication?

  • To synthesize new DNA strands
  • To transcribe RNA
  • To unwind the double helix structure (correct)
  • To repair damaged DNA

    • What is the term for an individual who has two different alleles of a gene?

  • Heterozygous (correct)
  • Dominant
  • Homozygous
  • Recessive

    • What is the process by which DNA is replicated in a semi-conservative manner?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a DNA molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of a complementary RNA molecule?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a trait that is influenced by multiple genes?

    <p>Polygenic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where one allele is not completely dominant over another allele?

    <p>Co-dominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did Gregor Mendel live and work?

    <p>Brno, Austria-Hungary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species did Mendel choose to conduct his experiments on?

    <p>Peas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenotypic ratio that Mendel found in the offspring of a monohybrid cross?

    <p>3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Law of Independent Assortment?

    <p>The law that states that alleles of different genes are sorted independently during gamete formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of incomplete dominance?

    <p>When two traits blend to form a new trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is polygenic inheritance?

    <p>When multiple genes influence a single trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recessive genetic disorder?

    <p>A disorder that is not expressed in an individual, but can be passed on to offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is epistasis?

    <p>The interaction between multiple genes to produce a single trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gregor Mendel

    • Gregor Mendel was a scientist who lived and worked in the 19th century
    • He conducted experiments on pea plants (Pisum sativum) to study inheritance
    • He chose pea plants because they have a relatively short life cycle, produce many offspring, and can be easily grown and crossed

    Mendel's Experiments

    • Mendel crossed pea plants with different traits (e.g., purple and white flowers) to study inheritance
    • He ensured all offspring were 'by his design' by manually pollinating the plants
    • He repeated his experiments several times to confirm his findings

    Phenotypic Ratios

    • In a monohybrid cross, the phenotypic ratio is 3:1 (e.g., 3 purple-flowered plants: 1 white-flowered plant)
    • The numbers in the ratio represent the number of individual offspring with each trait
    • In a dihybrid cross, the phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1 (e.g., 9 plants with two dominant traits, 3 with one dominant and one recessive, etc.)

    Laws of Inheritance

    • The Law of Segregation states that alleles separate during gamete formation
    • The Law of Independent Assortment states that different genes are sorted independently during gamete formation

    Complex Inheritance Patterns

    • Incomplete dominance: when one allele does not completely mask the effect of the other allele
    • Multiple alleles: when there are more than two alleles for a particular gene
    • Co-dominance: when two alleles have an equal effect on the phenotype
    • Pleiotrophy: when one gene affects multiple traits
    • Polygenic inheritance: when multiple genes influence a single trait
    • Epistasis: when the effect of one gene depends on the presence of another gene

    Dominant and Recessive Disorders

    • A recessive disorder occurs when an individual has two copies of a recessive allele
    • An affected individual has the disorder, a carrier has one copy of the allele, and an unaffected individual has no copies
    • A dominant disorder occurs when an individual has one copy of a dominant allele
    • There is no carrier for a dominant disorder, as a single copy of the allele is enough to cause the disorder

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    Description

    Quiz on genetics, covering topics such as the nature vs nurture debate, sex-linked traits, and Punnett Squares. Understand the concepts of heredity and how they affect disorders.

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