Genetics and Protein Synthesis Quiz

Introduction to Genetics and Protein Synthesis

• A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait or set of traits.
• The DNA base pairs complement each other with A = T and C = G.
• The genetic code has a four-letter "alphabet" that codes for 20 amino acids.
• There are three types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
• mRNA is messenger RNA and helps to turn DNA code into a single-stranded code that will then determine the amino acid sequence.
• tRNA is transfer RNA and helps to bring the amino acid that's required to build a protein.
• rRNA is ribosomal RNA and helps to build the amino acid chain at the ribosome.
• The process of transcription involves the synthesis of RNA from DNA.
• DNA has the base pairs A = T and C = G, while RNA has the base pairs A = U and C = G.
• Translation most often occurs in the ribosome and the cytoplasm.
• DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded.
• DNA has a deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has a ribose sugar.