31 Questions
Which method is used to identify genes/proteins involved in specific physiological or pathological pathways?
Knockout
Which genetically engineered model is used for lead generation and refinement?
Knock-in (reporter)
Which genetically engineered model is used for preclinical development to test safety and efficacy?
Transgenic
What is the advantage of using rodent models in research?
They have well-validated models for human diseases
What is homologous recombination used for in making rodent models?
To exchange genetic material between two strands of DNA
Which system allows for tissue-specific genetic changes and can control the location and timing of gene modifications?
Cre-Lox System
What is required for the Cre-Lox System to work in cells?
Expression of both Cre and LoxP
Which type of virus particles are commonly used as viral vectors?
Non-genetically modified virus particles
What is the advantage of using promoters in viral vectors?
They help target specific cell types
What is the purpose of using Cre-Lox in targeting Gly neurons in a small region of the spinal cord?
To prevent neuron firing
Which technique is used to selectively turn on/off specific neuron subtypes using light?
Optogenetics
What is the purpose of using designer drugs in chemogenetics?
To selectively turn on/off specific neuron subtypes
Which gene has been identified as a possible target for transdermal analgesics vs anti-itch treatments?
GPCR MrgprA3+
Which of the following is NOT one of the validity criteria of an animal model?
Genetic validity
What is the purpose of the 3 R's in animal research?
To minimize the use of animals
Which of the following is a consideration for animal research ethics?
Animal welfare
What does face validity of an animal model refer to?
The resemblance of the animal model's response to that observed in humans
Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 R's in animal research?
Reconciliation
Which type of models use natural conflict for a rodent to explore a novel environment?
Exploratory models
Which disorder is not classified as an anxiety/mood disorder?
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
What percentage of patients does exposure therapy effectively treat in PTSD?
56%
Which symptoms are involved in modelling depression?
Apathy
Which test is commonly used to assess learned helplessness in animal models of depression?
Tail suspension test
Which type of symptoms in schizophrenia are associated with hyperactivity, stereotypy, and cognitive impairment in animal models?
Positive symptoms
Which of the following is NOT a negative symptom of schizophrenia that can be studied in animal models?
Anhedonia
Which test is commonly used to assess attention and startle response inhibition in animal models of cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia?
Pre-pulse inhibition of startle
Which protein is upregulated in schizophrenia and is considered a risk gene?
Complement-4
What is the mechanism by which THC exposure reduces the neurobehavioral effects of risperidone?
By increasing the action of P-gp to remove risperidone from the brain
Which gene may be linked to schizophrenia and is associated with hyperactivity, PPI deficits, and cognitive deficits?
Nrg1
Which medication can reverse hyperactivity caused by Nrg1 in animal models?
Clozapine
Which receptors show altered expression in the nucleus accumbens in animal models of schizophrenia?
D2, 5-HT2A, and NMDA receptors
Test your knowledge on target discovery, target validation, and lead generation in the field of genetics and molecular biology. Learn about techniques such as knockout, conditional knockout, knock-in point mutation, and transgenic approaches. Explore how these methods are used to identify genes and proteins involved in specific physiological or pathological pathways, confirm their role in relieving associated phenotypes, and assess in vivo stability and tissue specificity.
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