Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the chances of a child having sickle cell anaemia if both parents are carriers (HbA/HbS)?
What are the chances of a child having sickle cell anaemia if both parents are carriers (HbA/HbS)?
- 25% (correct)
- 75%
- 100%
- 50%
Individuals with the homozygous normal genotype (HbA/HbA) can have sickle cell anaemia.
Individuals with the homozygous normal genotype (HbA/HbA) can have sickle cell anaemia.
False (B)
What mutation causes Huntington's disease?
What mutation causes Huntington's disease?
Mutation in the HTT gene
If a person inherits one mutated gene (H) and one normal gene (h), they are said to be ______.
If a person inherits one mutated gene (H) and one normal gene (h), they are said to be ______.
Match the genotypes with their corresponding conditions:
Match the genotypes with their corresponding conditions:
Why is the HbS gene more prevalent in populations from malaria-endemic areas?
Why is the HbS gene more prevalent in populations from malaria-endemic areas?
Homozygous individuals (HH) for the HTT gene experience less severe symptoms of Huntington's disease.
Homozygous individuals (HH) for the HTT gene experience less severe symptoms of Huntington's disease.
What is the inheritance pattern of Huntington's disease?
What is the inheritance pattern of Huntington's disease?
What is the probability that a child will inherit Huntington’s disease if one parent is Hh and the other is hh?
What is the probability that a child will inherit Huntington’s disease if one parent is Hh and the other is hh?
Which type of mutation introduces a premature stop codon?
Which type of mutation introduces a premature stop codon?
All mutations will lead to non-functional proteins.
All mutations will lead to non-functional proteins.
What is a frameshift mutation?
What is a frameshift mutation?
In sickle cell anemia, a missense mutation substitutes __________ for glutamic acid.
In sickle cell anemia, a missense mutation substitutes __________ for glutamic acid.
How are splice site mutations significant?
How are splice site mutations significant?
Match the following types of mutations with their effects:
Match the following types of mutations with their effects:
Dominant diseases have carriers who are unaffected.
Dominant diseases have carriers who are unaffected.
What typically limits the onset of Huntington's disease?
What typically limits the onset of Huntington's disease?
A mutation that results in proteins of improper shape leading to diseases is typically due to alterations in the __________ structure.
A mutation that results in proteins of improper shape leading to diseases is typically due to alterations in the __________ structure.
Which of the following best describes conservative mutations?
Which of the following best describes conservative mutations?
What is the primary structure of a protein determined by?
What is the primary structure of a protein determined by?
What characterizes a non-conservative mutation?
What characterizes a non-conservative mutation?
In cases of __________ mutations, the amino acid sequence may remain unchanged despite nucleotide changes.
In cases of __________ mutations, the amino acid sequence may remain unchanged despite nucleotide changes.
What is the effect of a missense mutation on protein structure?
What is the effect of a missense mutation on protein structure?
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for protein synthesis.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for protein synthesis.
What is the role of the nucleolus within the nucleus?
What is the role of the nucleolus within the nucleus?
The _______ are membrane-bound vesicles that contain digestive enzymes.
The _______ are membrane-bound vesicles that contain digestive enzymes.
Match the following organelles with their functions:
Match the following organelles with their functions:
Which type of mutation is characterized by a change that does not affect the amino acid sequence?
Which type of mutation is characterized by a change that does not affect the amino acid sequence?
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
Mutations can always be inherited in a dominant pattern.
Mutations can always be inherited in a dominant pattern.
Vacuoles in animal cells are larger than those in plant cells.
Vacuoles in animal cells are larger than those in plant cells.
What structure do centrioles organize during cell division?
What structure do centrioles organize during cell division?
What is the main function of lysosomes?
What is the main function of lysosomes?
The structure that synthesizes ATP within the mitochondria is known as the _______.
The structure that synthesizes ATP within the mitochondria is known as the _______.
The primary cell types in the circulatory system are red blood cells, white blood cells, and _____ .
The primary cell types in the circulatory system are red blood cells, white blood cells, and _____ .
Match the following components of the respiratory system with their functions:
Match the following components of the respiratory system with their functions:
Which organelle is involved in detoxifying harmful substances?
Which organelle is involved in detoxifying harmful substances?
Which of the following statements is true about blood vessels?
Which of the following statements is true about blood vessels?
Hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia has a normal interaction between its subunits.
Hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia has a normal interaction between its subunits.
What impact do mutations have on protein structure?
What impact do mutations have on protein structure?
The respiratory system is primarily responsible for nutrient transport within the body.
The respiratory system is primarily responsible for nutrient transport within the body.
What role does the smooth muscle in blood vessels play?
What role does the smooth muscle in blood vessels play?
The _______ is responsible for protein synthesis and transport in eukaryotic cells.
The _______ is responsible for protein synthesis and transport in eukaryotic cells.
The primary function of the circulatory system is to transport _____ throughout the body.
The primary function of the circulatory system is to transport _____ throughout the body.
Match the following organelles with their respective structures:
Match the following organelles with their respective structures:
Match the following levels of organization in the body with their descriptions:
Match the following levels of organization in the body with their descriptions:
Which of these structures is NOT part of the circulatory system?
Which of these structures is NOT part of the circulatory system?
The lungs facilitate the exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen.
The lungs facilitate the exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen.
Name one key component of the plasma membrane.
Name one key component of the plasma membrane.
In the circulatory system, white blood cells are responsible for _____ .
In the circulatory system, white blood cells are responsible for _____ .
What is the resulting phenotype of a cross between a plant with red flowers (RR) and a plant with white flowers (rr)?
What is the resulting phenotype of a cross between a plant with red flowers (RR) and a plant with white flowers (rr)?
Mendelian genetics cannot predict the inheritance of traits.
Mendelian genetics cannot predict the inheritance of traits.
What systematic method is used to combine alleles in a genetic cross?
What systematic method is used to combine alleles in a genetic cross?
The likelihood of each genotype can be expressed as fractions, percentages, or _______.
The likelihood of each genotype can be expressed as fractions, percentages, or _______.
Match the terms related to inheritance patterns with their descriptions:
Match the terms related to inheritance patterns with their descriptions:
What is the primary purpose of exocytosis?
What is the primary purpose of exocytosis?
Meiosis results in four identical haploid cells.
Meiosis results in four identical haploid cells.
What is phagocytosis commonly referred to as?
What is phagocytosis commonly referred to as?
The main energy source required for active transport is _____.
The main energy source required for active transport is _____.
Match the bulk transport processes with their descriptions:
Match the bulk transport processes with their descriptions:
Which process specifically involves receptor proteins binding to molecules?
Which process specifically involves receptor proteins binding to molecules?
Both osmosis and diffusion require energy.
Both osmosis and diffusion require energy.
What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis?
What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis?
Small molecules such as O₂ and CO₂ move via _____.
Small molecules such as O₂ and CO₂ move via _____.
Match the types of transport with their energy requirement:
Match the types of transport with their energy requirement:
Which statement about chromosomes is true?
Which statement about chromosomes is true?
Active transport moves molecules from lower to higher concentration.
Active transport moves molecules from lower to higher concentration.
What is the function of a gene?
What is the function of a gene?
During _____, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.
During _____, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.
What is the primary outcome of mitosis?
What is the primary outcome of mitosis?
Mitosis involves two rounds of cell division.
Mitosis involves two rounds of cell division.
What phenomenon increases genetic diversity in meiosis?
What phenomenon increases genetic diversity in meiosis?
In mitosis, the process of separating sister chromatids occurs during _____ phase.
In mitosis, the process of separating sister chromatids occurs during _____ phase.
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Which of the following describes a homozygous dominant genotype?
Which of the following describes a homozygous dominant genotype?
Mitosis produces genetically diverse cells.
Mitosis produces genetically diverse cells.
What type of inheritance pattern involves both alleles being expressed equally?
What type of inheritance pattern involves both alleles being expressed equally?
During _____, chromosomes align along the metaphase plate.
During _____, chromosomes align along the metaphase plate.
Match the process with its outcome:
Match the process with its outcome:
What is the primary purpose of meiosis?
What is the primary purpose of meiosis?
Meiosis maintains the same chromosome number in daughter cells.
Meiosis maintains the same chromosome number in daughter cells.
What is the observable trait of an organism called?
What is the observable trait of an organism called?
The two rounds of divisions in meiosis are referred to as _____ I and _____ II.
The two rounds of divisions in meiosis are referred to as _____ I and _____ II.
What is the primary function of the heart's muscular walls?
What is the primary function of the heart's muscular walls?
Veins have thick walls and small lumens compared to arteries.
Veins have thick walls and small lumens compared to arteries.
What is the main role of capillaries in the circulatory system?
What is the main role of capillaries in the circulatory system?
The large surface area of the ______ allows for greater gas exchange.
The large surface area of the ______ allows for greater gas exchange.
Match the circulatory components with their functions:
Match the circulatory components with their functions:
Which type of solution causes a cell to swell?
Which type of solution causes a cell to swell?
Diffusion requires energy to move molecules from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration.
Diffusion requires energy to move molecules from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration.
What is the main difference between osmosis and diffusion?
What is the main difference between osmosis and diffusion?
Active transport moves substances from ______ concentration to ______ concentration.
Active transport moves substances from ______ concentration to ______ concentration.
Match the transport processes with their characteristics:
Match the transport processes with their characteristics:
What is an example of a mechanism involved in active transport?
What is an example of a mechanism involved in active transport?
Cilia in the respiratory tract help trap pathogens by moving mucus upwards.
Cilia in the respiratory tract help trap pathogens by moving mucus upwards.
How do bronchioles regulate airflow into the lungs?
How do bronchioles regulate airflow into the lungs?
The walls of capillaries are ______ to facilitate diffusion.
The walls of capillaries are ______ to facilitate diffusion.
What is the process called when a cell shrinks due to water moving out?
What is the process called when a cell shrinks due to water moving out?
Transport proteins are only used in passive transport processes.
Transport proteins are only used in passive transport processes.
Flashcards
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle Cell Anemia
A genetic disorder caused by inheriting two mutated hemoglobin genes, resulting in sickle-shaped red blood cells, which can block blood flow.
Sickle Cell Trait
Sickle Cell Trait
A condition where a person inherits one normal hemoglobin gene and one mutated gene, making them a carrier.
HbA/HbA
HbA/HbA
Homozygous normal genotype for hemoglobin. No sickle-cell trait or disease.
Huntington's Disease
Huntington's Disease
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Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
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Heterozygous (Huntington's Disease)
Heterozygous (Huntington's Disease)
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Homozygous (Huntington's Disease)
Homozygous (Huntington's Disease)
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Evolutionary Advantage (Sickle Cell)
Evolutionary Advantage (Sickle Cell)
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Point Mutation
Point Mutation
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Substitution Mutation
Substitution Mutation
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Silent Mutation
Silent Mutation
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Missense Mutation
Missense Mutation
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Nonsense Mutation
Nonsense Mutation
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Frameshift Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
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Conservative Mutation
Conservative Mutation
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Non-conservative Mutation
Non-conservative Mutation
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Splice Site Mutation
Splice Site Mutation
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Mutation
Mutation
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Primary Structure
Primary Structure
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Secondary Structure
Secondary Structure
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Tertiary Structure
Tertiary Structure
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Insertion/Deletion
Insertion/Deletion
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Quaternary Structure of Proteins
Quaternary Structure of Proteins
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Mutations and Protein Function
Mutations and Protein Function
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Nucleus
Nucleus
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Mitochondria
Mitochondria
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
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Ribosomes
Ribosomes
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Lysosomes
Lysosomes
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Peroxisomes
Peroxisomes
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Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
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Rough ER
Rough ER
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Smooth ER
Smooth ER
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Punnett Square
Punnett Square
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Genotype
Genotype
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Phenotype
Phenotype
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Incomplete Dominance
Incomplete Dominance
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Mendelian Genetics
Mendelian Genetics
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Plasma membrane structure
Plasma membrane structure
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Plasma membrane function
Plasma membrane function
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Vacuole structure
Vacuole structure
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Vacuole function (plant)
Vacuole function (plant)
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Vacuole function (animal)
Vacuole function (animal)
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Centriole structure
Centriole structure
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Centriole function
Centriole function
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Circulatory system function
Circulatory system function
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Red blood cell (RBC) function
Red blood cell (RBC) function
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White blood cell (WBC) function
White blood cell (WBC) function
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Platelets function
Platelets function
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Epithelial tissue function
Epithelial tissue function
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Respiratory System Function
Respiratory System Function
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Cellular Level of organization
Cellular Level of organization
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Levels of organization (increasing complexity)
Levels of organization (increasing complexity)
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Endocytosis
Endocytosis
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Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
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Pinocytosis
Pinocytosis
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Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
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Exocytosis
Exocytosis
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Passive Transport
Passive Transport
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Active Transport
Active Transport
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Osmosis
Osmosis
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Diffusion
Diffusion
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Bulk Transport
Bulk Transport
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Gene
Gene
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DNA
DNA
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Chromosome
Chromosome
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Meiosis
Meiosis
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Mitosis
Mitosis
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Isotonic Solution
Isotonic Solution
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Hypotonic Solution
Hypotonic Solution
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Hypertonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution
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Simple Diffusion
Simple Diffusion
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Facilitated Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
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Sodium-Potassium Pump
Sodium-Potassium Pump
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Why is it called bulk transport?
Why is it called bulk transport?
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What is the difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion?
What is the difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion?
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How does the structure of a cell membrane relate to its function in transport?
How does the structure of a cell membrane relate to its function in transport?
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What is the importance of cell transport mechanisms?
What is the importance of cell transport mechanisms?
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How does osmosis contribute to the movement of fluids in the body?
How does osmosis contribute to the movement of fluids in the body?
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Diploid Cell
Diploid Cell
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Haploid Cell
Haploid Cell
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Crossing Over
Crossing Over
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Independent Assortment
Independent Assortment
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Allele
Allele
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Dominant Allele
Dominant Allele
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Recessive Allele
Recessive Allele
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Heterozygous
Heterozygous
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Homozygous
Homozygous
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Co-dominance
Co-dominance
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