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Questions and Answers
What determines an individual's genotype?
What determines an individual's genotype?
The combination of alleles inherited from parents.
What is the characteristic of an autosomal dominant trait?
What is the characteristic of an autosomal dominant trait?
One copy of the dominant allele is enough to express the trait.
What is an example of a source of genetic variation?
What is an example of a source of genetic variation?
Mutations
What is the importance of genetic variation in a population?
What is the importance of genetic variation in a population?
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What is co-dominance?
What is co-dominance?
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Study Notes
Genotype
- Refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, including all of their genes and alleles
- Determined by the combination of alleles inherited from parents
- Can be homozygous (two identical alleles) or heterozygous (two different alleles)
Inheritance Patterns
- Autosomal Dominant: One copy of the dominant allele is enough to express the trait; can be inherited from one parent
- Autosomal Recessive: Two copies of the recessive allele are needed to express the trait; can be inherited from both parents
- X-Linked: Traits linked to the X chromosome; can be dominant or recessive
- Incomplete Dominance: One allele does not completely dominate the other; resulting trait is a combination of both
- Co-Dominance: Both alleles have an equal effect on the trait
- Polygenic Inheritance: Traits influenced by multiple genes
Genetic Variation
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Sources of Genetic Variation:
- Mutations: Changes in the DNA sequence
- Genetic Recombination: Shuffling of genes during meiosis
- Gene Flow: Movement of genes from one population to another
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Types of Genetic Variation:
- Allelic Variation: Different forms of a gene
- Genotypic Variation: Differences in the combination of alleles
- Phenotypic Variation: Differences in the physical expression of traits
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Importance of Genetic Variation:
- Adaptation: Allows populations to adapt to changing environments
- Evolution: Provides the raw material for natural selection
- Diversity: Increases the likelihood of survival and success in a population
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Description
Test your understanding of genetics and inheritance patterns, including genotype, autosomal dominant and recessive traits, and genetic variation. Learn about the sources and types of genetic variation, and its importance in adaptation and evolution.
