Genetics and Genetic Counseling
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What is the main purpose of genetic counseling for individuals affected by or at risk of a genetic condition?

  • To discuss the availability of hormone replacement therapy
  • To emphasize the importance of genetic testing for all family members
  • To focus on the severity of the disorder and its transmission to future generations
  • To consider the implications of the disease for other family members and adjust to their situation (correct)
  • What is the role of fluorescent in situ hybridization in genetic testing?

  • To determine the magnitude of risk for a genetic condition
  • To investigate the whole genome for genetic abnormalities
  • To amplify specific DNA sequences
  • To detect the presence and location of specific chromosomal sequences (correct)
  • What is the primary advantage of microarray genomic hybridization over traditional cytogenetic methods?

  • It is a more specific test for detecting chromosomal rearrangements
  • It is a faster and more cost-effective technique
  • It has a much greater sensitivity and can investigate a whole genome (correct)
  • It requires a smaller DNA sample
  • What type of genetic alteration cannot be detected using microarrays?

    <p>Balanced translocations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of gene therapy in treating genetic disorders?

    <p>Replacing the mutated copy of a gene with a functional copy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of karyotyping in genetic investigations?

    <p>To detect alterations in chromosome number and structural rearrangements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic testing method involves sequencing the entire genome, including non-coding regions?

    <p>Whole genome sequencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of recurrence if the mother is a translocation carrier in translocation Down syndrome?

    <p>10%–15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likelihood of one of the parents carrying the translocation in a balanced form, in cases of translocation Down syndrome?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genetic testing is used to investigate a specific clinical problem by sequencing a group of related genes?

    <p>Gene panel testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of genetic counseling that considers the cultural and ethical values of the individual or their family?

    <p>The parental or cultural ethical values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in genetic testing?

    <p>To amplify a specific target within the genome for sequencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the protein-coding part of the genome?

    <p>Exome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome of the development of whole genome sequencing in the next few years?

    <p>Whole genome sequencing will replace whole exome sequencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic finding in the quad test for Down syndrome?

    <p>Decreased alpha fetoprotein and unconjugated estriol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in the context of Down syndrome?

    <p>To analyze cell-free DNA from maternal blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic finding on ultrasonography in a fetus with Down syndrome?

    <p>Nuchal thickening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence if a parent carries the rare 21:21 translocation?

    <p>All the offspring will have Down syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

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