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Genetics and Genetic Code Overview

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Questions and Answers

Why are the nitrogen bases in DNA stacked in the center of the structure?

To form holes in the DNA structure
To interact with water molecules
To maximize exposure to hydrophilic molecules
To avoid water due to their hydrophobic nature (correct)

What keeps the distance between the sugars and phosphates constant in DNA?

Twisting of the two DNA strands around one another (correct)
Interaction with water molecules
Presence of uracil instead of thymine
Formation of holes in the DNA structure

Which component differs between DNA and RNA in terms of sugar composition?

Presence of hydrophobic nitrogenous bases
Phosphate
Deoxyribose vs. ribose sugar (correct)
Nitrogen base

What is the function of tRNA among the classes of RNA mentioned?

Protein synthesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do nucleotides differ from nucleosides?

Nucleotides are formed by joining a nitrogenous base to a sugar (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of genetic counseling mentioned in the text?

To predict the likelihood of conceiving an affected child (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleic acid is described as the molecule of heredity in all cells except some viruses?

DNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

What process explains how one gene can code for at least 4 polypeptides?

Splicing (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate frequency of genetically determined diseases in the general population?

~5.0% (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nucleic acid is synthesized on DNA templates and participates in protein synthesis in the cytoplasm?

mRNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

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