Genetics and Gene Mutations

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What can cause genetic mutations?

Using DNA technology
Transcription of DNA to RNA
Replication of DNA
Environmental factors and mutagenic chemicals (correct)

What is a point mutation?

A change in a single gene
A change in a single nucleotide (correct)
A change in a single DNA molecule
A change in a single chromosome

What is the purpose of restriction enzymes in DNA profiling?

To duplicate DNA
To extract DNA from cells
To separate large molecules
To cut DNA at specific regions (correct)

What is the purpose of DNA profiling in identifying the origin of?

Rhino horns and timber (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is gel electrophoresis used for in DNA profiling?

To separate large molecules (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a use of DNA profiling in forensic investigation?

To match DNA from a crime scene to a suspect (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of DNA profiling?

Violation of privacy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced from 2 sets to one?

Meiosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a use of DNA profiling in medicine?

To diagnose inherited disorders (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes?

Diploid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a use of DNA profiling in identifying relationships?

To establish paternity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where does meiosis take place in animals?

Testis and ovaries (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation STR stand for in DNA profiling?

Short Tandem Repeats (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which sperm cells are formed?

Spermatogenesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a cell that contains one set of chromosomes?

Haploid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the structure that joins two identical threads of DNA?

Centromere (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of heredity and variation in organisms?

Genetics and genetic engineering (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the complete set of genes in an organism?

Genome (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the control of gene expression?

Epigenetics (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the master control genes that determine the way the body develops from a zygote?

Hox genes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a section of DNA that controls a hereditary trait?

Gene (C) Signup and view all the answers

How are alleles represented?

By letters (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the complete set of genetic information in a population?

Gene pool (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the number of chromosomes in a cell?

Ploidy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a male gamete and a female gamete fusing during fertilization?

Formation of a diploid zygote (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the physical appearance of an organism, such as hair color?

Phenotype (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the genotype of an organism with two different alleles for a single gene?

Heterozygous (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

To predict the probability of certain traits in offspring (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of crossing a homozygous tall plant with a homozygous short plant?

All offspring are heterozygous (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the inheritance of characteristics?

Genetics (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Mendel's experiment with peas?

He showed that traits are inherited in a predictable manner (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?

Genotype is the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the physical appearance (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

To cut DNA strands to isolate specific genes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the plasmid in genetic engineering?

To act as a vector for recombinant DNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of gene therapy?

To cure genetic diseases (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between traditional breeding and genetic engineering?

The level of control over the process (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the gene that is introduced into an organism through genetic engineering?

Transgene (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the gene gun in genetic engineering?

To shoot DNA-coated pellets into plant cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Ti plasmid in genetic engineering?

To act as a vector for recombinant DNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is genetic engineering often preferred over traditional breeding methods?

It allows for more control and precision (A) Signup and view all the answers