Genetics and Evolution Exam - Test 1

Genetics and Evolution Exam - Test 1

• Genes exist in alternative forms called alleles. (True or False)
• Humans have 46 chromosomes, not pairs. (False)
• Nondisjunction only occurs in sex chromosomes. (False)
• Patau's syndrome is also known as trisomy 18. (True)
• Triploidy refers to an organism with four sets of chromosomes. (True)
• Chromosomes carry genes, not the other way around. (False)
• A male has 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes and 2 non-homologous sex chromosomes (XY). (True)
• A female's sex is determined by the absence of the Y chromosome. (True)
• Environmental factors can influence sex determination. (True or False)
• Meiosis produces gametes. (True or False)
• Primary nondisjunction occurs during meiosis, secondary during mitosis. (False)
• A pink flower from a cross of red and white is an example of codominance. (True or False)
• A test cross in corn showing only tall plants indicates a homozygous dominant genotype. (True or False)
• Sickle cell anemia is a sex-linked trait. (True or False)
• Trisomy means an extra chromosome. (True or False)
• In birds/butterflies, hemizygosity occurs only in males. (True or False)
• Turner syndrome has 45 chromosomes (45X) in humans. (True or False)
• Dioecious plants have male and female organs on the same plant. (True or False)
• The X chromosome is larger than the Y in humans. (True or False)
• Trisomy X is a sex-chromosome disorder, not an autosomal one. (True or False)

Genetics and Evolution Exam - Test 2

• Multiple Choice: Huntington's disease (heterozygous) child chance : 50%
• Multiple Choice: Brachydactyly (heterozygous) mating: 75% chance brachydactyl child
• Multiple Choice: Tay-Sachs (heterozygous mating): 25% chance affected child
• Multiple Choice: Albinism (heterozygous): 50% chance albino child
• Multiple Choice: Edwards Syndrome: 2n - 1

Genetics Test 2

• A-DNA is the standard DNA in cells. (True or False)
• Crossing over, during prophase I, doesn’t happen between X and Y. (True or False)
• Color blindness and hemophilia genes are linked. (True or False)
• Transformation can determine gene linkage, gene order and map distance. (True or False)
• A gene's location on a chromosome is the locus. (True or False)
• Bacterial conjugation is a vertical gene transfer example. (False)
• A gene coding for mRNA is called a protein-coding gene. (True or False)
  • DNA polymerase polymerizes DNA, not primase. (False)
• tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome A site. (True)
• The nitrogen base attaches to the 1' carbon. (True or False)
• Karyotyping detects chromosomal mutations. (True or False)
• The transcribed segment is a gene. (True or False)
• mRNA production occurs from a coding, not a template strand. (False)
• Transcription is directional (5' → 3') (True or False)
• Phages can be genetic material transfer vectors. (True or False)
• Nucleotides bond via phosphodiester bridges). (True or False)
• mRNA is read in three-base codon units. (True or False)
• Eukaryotes have introns. Transcription doesn't always finish before translation begins. (True or False)
• Multiple Choice: RNA bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
• Multiple Choice: Transcription Enzyme: RNA polymerase
• Multiple Choice: Exon joining process: RNA splicing
• Multiple Choice: Transcription location in eukaryotes: nucleus
• Multiple Choice: Genetic Code location: mRNA
• Multiple Choice: Non-DNA Replication Enzyme: primase (or RNA primase)

Other Questions/Tests

• Additional questions cover a range of topics, including the sequences of specific genetic processes, the roles of various molecules in these processes, and the calculation of probabilities related to genetic traits. These notes cover gene location on chromosomes, different types of mutations, and other related genetic concepts.