Genetics and Evolution Exam

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Questions and Answers

Genes exist in alternative forms called alleles.

True

If a person with Huntington's disease (heterozygous) mates with a normal person, what are the chances (percentage) of them having a child with the disease?

50 (correct)

100

Trisomy 18 is also known as __________ syndrome.

Patau's

How many pairs of chromosomes do human beings have?

23 pairs Signup and view all the answers

Nondisjunction happens only in sex chromosomes.

False Signup and view all the answers

Match the chromosomal condition with its description:

Turner's syndrome = 45X genomic compliment Trisomy 21 = Down syndrome Klinefelter's syndrome = 47XXY condition Trisomy 18 = Patau's syndrome Signup and view all the answers

In humans, the X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome.

True Signup and view all the answers

If two individuals with brachydactyly (both heterozygous) have children, what percentage of their children would typically exhibit brachydactyly?

75 Signup and view all the answers

Humans have _____ pairs of chromosomes.

23 Signup and view all the answers

Germ cells do not go through mitosis.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of meiosis called?

Gametes Signup and view all the answers

A _____ cross is when two individuals with different traits are bred.

hybrid Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is false?

Karyotypes contain the same number of chromosomes in all species. Signup and view all the answers

A homozygous dominant individual and a heterozygous individual will likely have a child with sickle cell disease.

False Signup and view all the answers

Match the following chromosomal terms with their descriptions:

Chromosomal Abnormalities = Changes in chromosome structure or number Meiosis = Process that reduces chromosome number by half Gametes = Haploid reproductive cells Gene Expression = Process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit for distance on a chromosome?

mu (map units) Signup and view all the answers

What would be the chances of having an affected child if two heterozygous for Tay-Sachs disease mate?

25 Signup and view all the answers

If an albino individual mates with a normal homozygous individual, what percentage of their offspring would likely be albinos?

0 Signup and view all the answers

Edwards syndrome would be described as:

2n+1 Signup and view all the answers

A-DNA is the normal DNA found in cells.

False Signup and view all the answers

Crossing over in prophase 1 occurs between the X and Y chromosomes.

False Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the position of a gene on a chromosome?

locus Signup and view all the answers

The gene responsible for color blindness is located on the ______ chromosome.

X Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

Gene expression = The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product Transcription = The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA Meiosis = A type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes Chromosomal abnormality = A structural or numerical alteration of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Genetics and Evolution Exam - Test 1

Genes exist in alternative forms called alleles. (True or False)
Humans have 46 chromosomes, not pairs. (False)
Nondisjunction only occurs in sex chromosomes. (False)
Patau's syndrome is also known as trisomy 18. (True)
Triploidy refers to an organism with four sets of chromosomes. (True)
Chromosomes carry genes, not the other way around. (False)
A male has 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes and 2 non-homologous sex chromosomes (XY). (True)
A female's sex is determined by the absence of the Y chromosome. (True)
Environmental factors can influence sex determination. (True or False)
Meiosis produces gametes. (True or False)
Primary nondisjunction occurs during meiosis, secondary during mitosis. (False)
A pink flower from a cross of red and white is an example of codominance. (True or False)
A test cross in corn showing only tall plants indicates a homozygous dominant genotype. (True or False)
Sickle cell anemia is a sex-linked trait. (True or False)
Trisomy means an extra chromosome. (True or False)
In birds/butterflies, hemizygosity occurs only in males. (True or False)
Turner syndrome has 45 chromosomes (45X) in humans. (True or False)
Dioecious plants have male and female organs on the same plant. (True or False)
The X chromosome is larger than the Y in humans. (True or False)
Trisomy X is a sex-chromosome disorder, not an autosomal one. (True or False)

Genetics and Evolution Exam - Test 2

Multiple Choice: Huntington's disease (heterozygous) child chance : 50%
Multiple Choice: Brachydactyly (heterozygous) mating: 75% chance brachydactyl child
Multiple Choice: Tay-Sachs (heterozygous mating): 25% chance affected child
Multiple Choice: Albinism (heterozygous): 50% chance albino child
Multiple Choice: Edwards Syndrome: 2n - 1

Genetics Test 2

A-DNA is the standard DNA in cells. (True or False)
Crossing over, during prophase I, doesn’t happen between X and Y. (True or False)
Color blindness and hemophilia genes are linked. (True or False)
Transformation can determine gene linkage, gene order and map distance. (True or False)
A gene's location on a chromosome is the locus. (True or False)
Bacterial conjugation is a vertical gene transfer example. (False)
A gene coding for mRNA is called a protein-coding gene. (True or False)
- DNA polymerase polymerizes DNA, not primase. (False)
tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome A site. (True)
The nitrogen base attaches to the 1' carbon. (True or False)
Karyotyping detects chromosomal mutations. (True or False)
The transcribed segment is a gene. (True or False)
mRNA production occurs from a coding, not a template strand. (False)
Transcription is directional (5' → 3') (True or False)
Phages can be genetic material transfer vectors. (True or False)
Nucleotides bond via phosphodiester bridges). (True or False)
mRNA is read in three-base codon units. (True or False)
Eukaryotes have introns. Transcription doesn't always finish before translation begins. (True or False)
Multiple Choice: RNA bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
Multiple Choice: Transcription Enzyme: RNA polymerase
Multiple Choice: Exon joining process: RNA splicing
Multiple Choice: Transcription location in eukaryotes: nucleus
Multiple Choice: Genetic Code location: mRNA
Multiple Choice: Non-DNA Replication Enzyme: primase (or RNA primase)

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts in genetics and evolution with this exam. The quiz covers topics such as alleles, chromosomes, and various genetic disorders. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of the subject.