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Questions and Answers
What is the electron configuration of chlorine?
What is the electron configuration of chlorine?
Why are elements like silicon and germanium called metalloids?
Why are elements like silicon and germanium called metalloids?
What is the group number of the halogens?
What is the group number of the halogens?
What is the characteristic of non-metals in terms of hardness?
What is the characteristic of non-metals in terms of hardness?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of metals in terms of thermal conduction?
Which of the following is a characteristic of metals in terms of thermal conduction?
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What is the characteristic of metals in terms of malleability?
What is the characteristic of metals in terms of malleability?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of non-metals in terms of electrical conduction?
Which of the following is a characteristic of non-metals in terms of electrical conduction?
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What is the characteristic of metals in terms of density?
What is the characteristic of metals in terms of density?
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What is the characteristic of metals in terms of sound?
What is the characteristic of metals in terms of sound?
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What is the main difference between metals and non-metals in terms of appearance?
What is the main difference between metals and non-metals in terms of appearance?
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Study Notes
Human Genome Project (HGP)
- Identify people at risk of developing medical conditions such as heart disease, cancer, or diabetes.
- Reasons to identify people at risk:
- Warn people to make lifestyle changes.
- Give people a more informed choice in planning their lives.
- Plan medical provision/monitoring for the individual.
- Target drug treatment to delay onset/reduce symptoms.
- Determine healthcare priorities.
Carrier Discrimination
- Reasons why carriers of breast cancer genes should not face discrimination:
- It is not their fault that they have the gene.
- Reducing economic risks across all of society.
Mitosis and Cellular Division
- Importance of mitosis and cellular division:
- Repair.
- Growth.
- Asexual reproduction.
- Stages of the cell cycle:
- Interphase: cell grows and subcellular structures duplicate.
- Mitosis: DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome.
- Cytokinesis: cell membrane divides to form two genetically identical daughter cells.
- Correct order of cell cycle stages:
- A: The number of cell structures increases.
- B: The cell membrane and cytoplasm divide.
- C: Chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
- D: The cell increases in size and the chromosomes make copies of themselves.
- E: The cell fully divides to make two new cells.
- F: The nucleus divides.
Periodic Table
- Early forms of the periodic table were ordered by atomic weight.
- Mendeleev's contribution to the design of the periodic table:
- He used atomic weight and chemical properties to produce his table.
- He left gaps in his table for undiscovered elements.
- He swapped the positions of iodine and tellurium to suit their properties better.
- Importance of gallium's discovery:
- Successfully tested Mendeleev's periodic table.
Isotopes and Modern Periodic Table
- Isotopes: different forms of the same element.
- Reason for change to the modern periodic table:
- Isotopes caused a change to the modern periodic table.
Electronic Structure
- Group number represents the number of electrons in the outer shell.
- Period number represents the number of electron shells.
- Elements in each group have similar electron configurations.
- Elements in each period have the same number of electron shells.
Ions and Subatomic Particles
- Atoms want to have their outer shell full, leading them to react to create ions.
- Ions are charged particles from the gain or loss of electrons.
- Calculating the number of subatomic particles in an ion and its charge:
- Metals react to form positive ions.
- Non-metals react to form negative ions.
Metals and Non-Metals
- Location of metals and non-metals on the periodic table:
- Metals: left and center of the periodic table.
- Non-metals: right of the periodic table.
- Properties of metals:
- Shiny appearance.
- Very hard/hard.
- Malleable.
- Ductile.
- Good thermal conduction.
- Good electrical conduction.
- Higher density.
- Sonorous.
- Properties of non-metals:
- Dull appearance.
- Brittle.
- Non-malleable.
- Non-ductile.
- Bad thermal conduction.
- Bad electrical conduction.
- Lower density.
- No sound (dull sound).
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Description
Explore the implications and concerns of genetic testing, including the Human Genome Project, and its potential effects on individuals and society.
