Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is an allele?
What is an allele?
A recessive allele can be expressed when paired with a dominant allele.
A recessive allele can be expressed when paired with a dominant allele.
False
What is the term for the visible expression of a genotype?
What is the term for the visible expression of a genotype?
phenotype
The genetic material of all cellular organisms is __________.
The genetic material of all cellular organisms is __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Signup and view all the answers
Who used Drosophila melanogaster for studying genetics?
Who used Drosophila melanogaster for studying genetics?
Signup and view all the answers
The double helix structure of DNA is important for understanding molecular genetics.
The double helix structure of DNA is important for understanding molecular genetics.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common phenotype called?
What is the most common phenotype called?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about DNA is true?
Which of the following statements about DNA is true?
Signup and view all the answers
RNA contains thymine as one of its nitrogenous bases.
RNA contains thymine as one of its nitrogenous bases.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
Signup and view all the answers
DNA is composed of two strands that twist around each other, forming a __________.
DNA is composed of two strands that twist around each other, forming a __________.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of DNA?
What is the function of DNA?
Signup and view all the answers
Nucleotides in nucleic acids are joined together by a process called dehydration synthesis.
Nucleotides in nucleic acids are joined together by a process called dehydration synthesis.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following components with their corresponding details:
Match the following components with their corresponding details:
Signup and view all the answers
Name one nitrogenous base found in RNA but not in DNA.
Name one nitrogenous base found in RNA but not in DNA.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Genetics & Genetic Variation
- Genetic variation exists between individuals.
- Alleles are alternative forms of a gene.
- The set of alleles for a given trait carried by an organism is called the genotype.
- Phenotype is the visible expression of the genotype.
- Wild-type phenotype is the most common or generally accepted standard.
- Mutant alleles are usually recessive.
Genes and Chromosomes
- Every gene has its place, or locus, on a chromosome.
DNA as Genetic Material
- DNA holds the genetic information.
The Structure of DNA
- DNA is a double helix composed of two strands.
- The structure of DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick.
- The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen-containing bases.
- The curved sides of the DNA double helix represent the sugar-phosphate backbone of the two DNA strands.
- DNA strands exhibit antiparallel polarity.
Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.
- There are two varieties of nucleic acids:
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): Genetic material that stores information for its own replication and the sequence of amino acids in proteins
- RNA (ribonucleic acid): Performs a variety of functions in cells, including protein synthesis and regulation of gene expression
DNA and RNA
- DNA and RNA differ in their sugar and nitrogenous bases.
- DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose.
- DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.
- DNA is double stranded with base pairing, while RNA is single stranded.
Nucleotide Structure
-
Nucleotides are composed of :
- A phosphate group
- A pentose sugar
- A nitrogenous base
- DNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
- RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.
Central Dogma
- The Central Dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information in cells.
- It states that DNA replicates to produce more DNA, which is transcribed into RNA, which is translated to produce proteins.
DNA Structure
- The backbone of the nucleic acid strand is composed of alternating sugar-phosphate molecules.
- Hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen-containing bases hold the two strands of DNA together.
- The two strands of DNA twist around each other, forming a double helix.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on genetics and the structure of DNA with this quiz. Dive into concepts like alleles, genotypes, phenotypes, and the double helix structure. Perfect for students of biology looking to review essential genetic principles.